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 Magnetic Moment

 

The magnetic moment of the electron as defined by NIST is

electron magnetic moment
$\mu_{\rm e}$

 Value  -928.476 362 x 10-26 J T-1
 Standard uncertainty     0.000 037 x 10-26 J T-1
  Relative standard uncertainty   4.0 x 10-8
 Concise form  -928.476 362(37) x 10-26 J T-1

The electron magnetic moment can be expressed in terms of quantum measurements as:

where the g-factor is as measured in the Lamb Shift, is the Compton wavelength, Fq is the quantum frequency, and e is the elementary charge.

When looking at the dimensions of the electron magnetic moment equation from the structure of the Aether Physics Model it becomes apparent that the dimensions are wrong for magnetic moment.  Elementary charge should always be a distributed unit when describing particle charge.

The g-factor is an essential value related to the magnetic moment of the subatomic particles and corrects for the precession of the angular momentum.

Looking at the NIST values for the proton and neutron magnetic moment... 

proton magnetic moment
$\mu_{\rm p}$

 Value  1.410 606 633 x 10-26 J T-1
 Standard uncertainty  0.000 000 058 x 10-26 J T-1
  Relative standard uncertainty   4.1 x 10-8
 Concise form  1.410 606 633(58) x 10-26 J T-1  

Here the NIST value of proton magnetic moment can be expressed in terms of quantum measurements as:

where the proton g-factor is 5.58569 as listed on NIST.  epmax2 is the electromagnetic charge of the proton, eemax2 is the electromagnetic charge of the electron, and e is the elementary charge.  In the above equation the dimension of electrostatic charge is again suspiciously in single dimension of charge.

neutron magnetic moment
$\mu_{\rm n}$

 Value  -0.966 236 40 x 10-26 J T-1
 Standard uncertainty   0.000 000 23 x 10-26 J T-1
  Relative standard uncertainty   2.4 x 10-7
 Concise form  -0.966 236 40(23) x 10-26 J T-1    

The NIST value for the neutron magnetic moment can be expressed as:

where the gfactornist of the neutron is -3.82608545 as defined by NIST,  epmax2 is the electromagnetic charge of the proton, eemax2 is the electromagnetic charge of the electron, and e is the elementary charge.  Notice that the equation is balanced by using the strong charge of the proton instead of the neutron.  It is highly unlikely that the neutron magnetic moment depends on the electromagnetic charge of the proton.

And once again, the electrostatic charge is suspiciously expressed as a single dimension of charge.

The data used by NIST to produce these magnetic moment constants must be correct, as the equations above can be expressed in terms of quantum measurements (plus the g-factors).  But it appears that the data was misread for the neutron, or the value for neutron g-factor was simply calculated in error.

The above analysis is evidence that all charge should be distributed, including the elementary charge.  Based on the observation that all charge is distributed, the magnetic moment constants can be transposed, consistent with the Aether Physics Model.  The electron magnetic moment in the APM system is: 

The proton magnetic moment in the APM system is:

And based on the NIST values for the neutron magnetic moment in the Standard Model it would be:

Again, it is unlikely that nature has given a magnetic moment to the neutron based on the mass of the proton.  So assuming the magnetic moment of the neutron is correct, correcting for the quantum measurements of the neutron changes the g-factor for the neutron:

The g-factor for the neutron must be -3.831359 if the magnetic moment of the neutron is accurately measured.

From the expressions of magnetic moment in the Aether Physics Model, it appears that magnetic moment is physically caused by the interaction of the electrostatic and electromagnetic charges within each particle.  It is further evident that the electron plays a key role in causing magnetic moment for each of the particles.

Comparing the APM Magnetic Moment to the Standard Model Values

Comparing the proportions of the NIST values for the magnetic moment constants with the APM values for the magnetic moment constants it is seen that:

where e is the elementary charge.

Since the electron and proton magnetic moments can be calculated exactly by applying quantum measurements, and that the APM neutron magnetic moment is calculated using quantum measurements, it is likely that the error lies with the NIST value of neutron magnetic moment.

Based on the minor adjustments noted above, the actual value of neutron magnetic moment in the Standard model should be:

A Further Analysis of the gfactor

The Aether Physics Model g-factor of the subatomic particles has a proportional relationship with the mass and magnetic moment of other particles.  For example:

This is true when using the Aether Physics Model value for the neutron g-factor: 

Now lets see what happens when we substitute the magnetic moment values from the Standard Model.  When comparing the electron to proton values we get unity:

But when we compare the Standard Model values for the g-factors and particle magnetic moments between the neutron and electron we get:

Even using the Aether Physics Model g-factor does not get unity, but it does get closer than the Standard Model g-factor:

This is evidence in favor of the Aether Physics Model proportionally derived neutron g-factor..

Gyromagnetic Ratio

The gyromagnetic ratio of the electron is given by NIST as:

electron gyromagnetic ratio
$\gamma_{\rm e}=2|\mu_{\rm e}|/\hbar$

 Value  1.760 859 794 x 1011 s-1 T-1
 Standard uncertainty  0.000 000 071 x 1011 s-1 T-1
  Relative standard uncertainty   4.0 x 10-8
 Concise form  1.760 859 794(71) x 1011 s-1 T-1   

The value for electron gyromagnetic ratio in dimensions of distributed charge is equal to:

In terms of quantum measurements, the NIST value for electron gyromagnetic ratio can be expressed as:

where mchg is the electron mass to charge ratio:

The egmr expression interprets as: "The electron gyromagnetic ratio is equal to the electron weak interaction times the electron precession divided by the mass to charge ratio."

Similarly, quantum measurements can be applied to the proton and neutron gyromagnetic ratios.

where the neutron gfactor is the Aether Physics Model neutron gfactor and not the NIST neutron gfactor.  Whereas the elementary charge is the same for all particles (with different signs), the mass to charge ratio is likewise the same for all subatomic particles.

The gyromagnetic ratio of any particle is then a function of its weak interaction and precession.

We welcome any comments from scientists and researchers who try to use the value of neutron magnetic moment or neutron g-factor given here.

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Last updated on Wednesday, May 02, 2007 01:08:52 PM