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or a rotary embodiment, in each instance the "stator" may consist
of a plurality of permanent magnets fixed relative to each other in space
relationship to define a track, linear in form in the linear embodiment,
and circular in form in the rotary embodiment. An armature magnet is located
in spaced relationship to such track defined by the stator magnets wherein
an air gap exists therebetween. The length of the armature magnet is defined
by poles of opposite polarity, and the length of the armature magnet is disposed
relative to the track defined by the stator magnets in the direction of the
path of movement of the armature magnet as displaced by the magnetic
forces.
The stator magnets are so mounted that poles of like polarity
are disposed toward the armature magnet and as the armature magnet has poles
which are both attracted to and repelled by the adjacent pole of the stator
magnets, both attraction and repulsion forces act upon the armature magnet
to produce the relative displacement between the armature and stator
magnets.
The continuing motive force producing displacement between the
armature and stator magnets results from the relationship of the length of
the armature magnet in the direction of its path of movement as related to
the dimension of the stator magnets, and the spacing therebetween, in the
direction of the path of armature magnet movement. This ratio of magnet and
magnet spacings, and with an acceptable air gap spacing between the stator
and armature magnets, will produce a resultant force upon the armature magnet
which displaces the armature magnet across the stator magnet along its path
of movement.
In the practice of the invention movement of the armature magnet
relative to the stator magnets results from a combination of attraction and
repulsion forces existing between the stator and armature magnets. By
concentrating the magnetic fields of the stator and armature magnets the
motive force imposed upon the armature magnet is intensified, and in the
disclosed embodiments such magnetic field concentration means are
disclosed.
The disclosed magnetic concentrating means comprise a plate
of high magnetic field permeability disposed adjacent one side of the stator
magnets in substantial engagement therewith. This high permeability material
is thus disposed adjacent poles of like polarity of the stator magnets. The
magnetic field of the armature magnet may be concentrated and directionally
oriented by bowing the armature magnet, and the magnetic field may further
be concentrated by shaping the pole ends of the armature magnet to concentrate
the magnet field at a relatively limited surface at the armature magnet pole
ends.
Preferably, a plurality of armature magnets are used
which are staggered with respect to each other in the direction of armature
magnet movement. Such an offsetting or staggering of the armature magnets
distributes the impulses of force imposed upon the armature magnets and results
in a smoother application of forces to the armature magnet producing a smoother
and more uniform movement of the armature component.
In the rotary embodiment of the permanent magnet motor of the
invention the stator magnets are arranged in a circle, and the armature magnets
rotate about the stator magnets. Means are disclosed for producing relative
axial displacement between the stator and armature magnets to adjust the
axial alignment thereof, and thereby regulate the magnitude of the magnetic
forces
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being imposed upon the armature magnets. In this manner the speed
of rotation of the rotary embodiment may be regulated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The aforementioned objects and advantages of the invention will be
appreciated from the following description and accompanying drawings
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of electron flow in a superconductor indicating
the unpaired electron spins,
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a superconductor under a critical
state illustrating the electron spins,
FIG. 3 is a view of a permanent magnet illustrating the flux movement
therethrough,
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the diameter of the
magnet of FIG. 3,
FIG. 5 is an elevational representation of a linear motor embodiment
of the permanent magnet motor of the invention illustrating one position
of the armature magnet relative to the stator magnets, and indicating the
magnetic forces imposed upon the armature magnet,
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 illustrating displacement of the
armature magnet relative to the stator magnets, and the influence of magnetic
forces thereon at this location,
FIG. 7 is a further elevational view similar to FIGS. 5 and
6 illustrating further displacement of the armature magnet to the left, and
the influence of the magnetic forces thereon,
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of a linear embodiment of the inventive
concept illustrating a pair of armature magnets in linked relationship disposed
above the stator magnets,
FIG. 9 is a diametrical, elevational, sectional view of a rotary motor
embodiment in accord with the invention as taken along section IX-IX of FIG.
10, and
FIG. 10 is an elevational view of the rotary motor embodiment as taken
along X-X of FIG. 9.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In order to better understand the theory of the inventive concept,
reference is made to FIGS. 1 through 4. In FIG. 1 a superconductor 1 is
illustrated having a positive particle flow as represented by arrow 2, the
unpaired electrons of the ferrous conducting 1 spin at right angles to the
proton flow in the conductor as represented by the spiral line and arrow
3. In accord with the theory of the invention the spinning of the ferrous
unpaired electrons results from the atomic structure of ferrous materials
and this spinning atomic particle is believed to be opposite in charge and
located at right angles to the moving electrons. It is assumed to be very
small in size capable of penetrating other elements and their compounds unless
they have unpaired electrons which capture these particles as they endeavor
to pass therethrough.
The lack of electrical resistance of conductors at a critical
superconductor state has long been recognized, and superconductors have been
utilized to produce very high magnetic flux density electromagnets. FIG.
2 represents a cross section of a critical superconductor and the electron
spins are indicated by the arrows 3.
A permanent magnet may be considered a superconductor as the electron
flow therein does not cease, and is without resistance, and unpaired electric
spinning particles exist which, in the practice of the invention, are utilized
to produce motor force. FIG. 3 illustrates a
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