Text: For a lucid and profound presentation of the entire subject of elementary particle physics and quantum field theory, see T.D. Lee, Particle Physics an Introduction to Field Theory, Harwood Academic Publishers, New York, 1981. Chapter 16: Vacuum as the Source of Asymmetry is particularly important. Here Lee concisely covers the idea of degenerate vacuum states, vacuum structuring, and vacuum effects causing symmetry breaking (violation of conservation laws). An excellent coverage of asymmetries and observables is given on p. 181-188. For example, a nonobservable (virtual entity) has become observable. Thus there exist mechanisms for the direct translation between virtual and observable states. For engineering hidden variable mechanisms that allow just such vacuum engineering to be deterministically accomplished, see T.E. Bearden, Update on Scalar Electromagnetics: New Breakthroughs, Proceedings, USPA Annual Symposium, Sacramento, CA, 1989.

See Also: SYMMETRY; QUANTUM; LEVITATION, VACUUM

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