Text: Electricity and magnetism. Points out that neither the field D nor any other internal field is measurable, which raises the question whether it is possible to formulate the electrodynamics of a continuous medium in terms of observable fields. Related to the problem of substructures in scalar electromagnetics, and the erroneous interpretations of "field" that are incorporated in classical electromagnetic theory. No vacuum "field" is observable; only its (supposed) effects upon a detecting particle (usually a charged particle) are detectable. Rigorously, one detects the change of the particle and infers the influence of the field. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.

See Also: electromagnetic fields, electrodynamics, field theory, measurement, observables, virtual quantities, scalar fields, kindling, scalar electromagnetics.

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