Text: Here are the exact references on Maxwell¹s original equations. Maxwell, James Clerk, "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field," Royal Society Transactions, Vol. CLV, 1865, p 459. Read Dec. 8, 1864. Also in The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, 2 vols. bound as one, edited by W. D. Niven, Dover, New York, 1952, Vol. 1, p. 526-597. Two errata are given on the unnumbered page prior to page 1 of Vol. 1. In this paper Maxwell presents his seminal theory of electromagnetism, containing 20 equations in 20 unknowns. His general equations of the electromagnetic field are given in Part III, General Equations of the Electromagnetic Field, p. 554-564. On p. 561, he lists his 20 variables. On p. 562, he summarizes the different subjects of the 20 equations, being three equations each for magnetic force, electric currents, electromotive force, electric elasticity, electric resistance, total currents; and one equation each for free electricity and continuity. In the paper, Maxwell adopts the approach of first arriving at the laws of induction and then deducing the mechanical attractions and repulsions. Note that even Maxwell¹s original equations still erroneously prescribe the force field in massfree space. The reason was, at that time essentially all the electrodynamicists (there were less than three dozen worldwide) believed in the material ether permeating all space. Hence to them there was not a single point in the universe where mass was absence. If that were true, of course, then there would be no precursor energy fields that were force-free and mass free. All would be force fields in, on, and of mass. In the conventional equations, just check the present textbook definitions of ³electric field² or in a better book, ³electric field intensity². The equations DO NOT EVEN PRESCRIBE ³THE² ELECTRIC FIELD OR EM FIELD ITSELF! Actually, the ³definitions² are at best an INDICATION of the approximate point intensity of ³the massless field as it actually exists in space², as measured by the interaction of that field in charged STATIC matter and with charged STATIC matter. In short, it is what is diverted from the field in its interaction with charged matter, that is being represented. Electrical engineering prescribes and uses neither the actual EM field in space, nor it actual intensity. E.g., if one violates that ³definition² by feeding EM energy to a system medium consisting of particles which go into particle resonance at the fed frequency, the medium ³collects² and re-emits some 18 times as much energy as it would if the same medium were of STATIC particles not in self-resonance (i.e., as the Poynting theory predicts where the E X H involves two fields whose point intensities have been determined in STATIC, NON-RESONANT charged matter media. That¹s the area of ³negative resonance absorption of the medium², known both theoretically and experimentally in physics since the late 50s and early 60s. (Letokhov, Bohren, and many others). However, the scientists in that area do not speak of the thermodynamic COP at all, as far as I¹ve seen! Instead, they speak of the ³reaction cross section² of that ³absorbing² particle with its incident energy field. Thus the ³reaction cross section² of the resonant particle is some 18 times as great in magnitude as the ³reaction cross section² of the STATIC particle assumed in that definition and used in the ³field intensity definitions² applied in the Poynting energy flow theory. In simple terms, the ³resonating² charge physically sweeps out a greater interaction area geometrically than does the same particle when absolutely static. Much the same way as a fixed rock in a river¹s flow diverges so much of the stream of water, around it, while if the same rock is churned violently to and fro sideways, it diverges much more of the stream of water. By never using terms like ³overunity² or addressing the thermodynamic COP of the process, the scientists in that field thus avoid being persecuted for being ³perpetual motion nuts² etc. And they positively DO NOT state in any fashion that energy is being created out of nothing! It is not. It¹s purely a matter of how much interaction a certain particle does when static, as opposed to when it is in self-resonance, in the same input energy flow. My personal take on it is that, since the ³divergence² of the field is defined for the static situation because of the field itself being defined only for the intensity of its interaction with a static charged particle, then for the resonant particle one has ³swept outside² the normally diverged Poynting component, and gone into intercepting some of the usually nondiverged huge Heaviside curled component of energy flow that Lorentz arbitrarily discarded circa the 1890s. The excess energy flow is there around every circuit, but never interacts with (diverges on) normal static charges and in relatively flat spacetime because in flat spacetime vector analysis holds and the divergence of the curl is a zero vector. But in a curved spacetime, that is no longer true, and so some of that ³energy in curl form² in the flat spacetime is now divergent. I think that¹s what the self-oscillation and COP of 18 is showing. But researchers should take their own look at it, including in deeper detail, and see what they come up with. But simply check the literature on that entire field of negative resonance absorption of the medium. The output of 18 times the input is doable, both by using insulating particles which self-resonate in the IR and feeding them with IR energy, and by using metallic (conducting) particles which self-resonate in the UV, and feeding them with UV energy. Best wishes, Tom Bearden

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