Text: If the [EM] vectors are waves, their amplitudes are functions of time. It is easily seen that the infolded functions of these vector waves, in a vector-zero resultant summation of opposing vectors, can and will also be waves. Since the vector translation resultant is always zero, then the overall magnitude o fthe standing scalar potential wave may change, or not change, according to the specific internal EM waves and their relationshps. In any case, the potential wave - which in the limiting case may be just a so-called "fixed change" in the scalar potential - will be a composite of its internal, dynamic, EM waves which individually are translating. The external potential, being a composite formed of relationships, is similar to a phase wave, hence can "move or translate through space" at any velocity, simply depending upon its internal arrangement. Note that scalar EM waves are very complex in structure, and cannot normally be described by single overall characterizations such as "frequency", "wavelength", etc. Those are string wave concepts, and scalar waves are almost always radically different from string waves.

See Also: SCALAR POTENTIAL; INTEGRATION; CHORD

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