Text: Subject: A New Insight Date: Mon, 24 Dec 2001 06:01:14 -0700 From: Dale Pond Organization: Delta Spectrum Research To: info@geet.com CC: Dale Pond , Molley@MisssMolley.com Hi Paul & Molley, We met and discussed your invention at the Whole Life Center conference in rural Missouri a few years ago. I've been busy with my own projects since then but recently I've taken to reading up on your progress. In reading your web site I see no mention of cavitation or implosion. It is obvious the intake stroke of the engine is creating a partial vacuum on the fuel. This partial vacuum will cause cavitation (implosion) of the fluid. When using water as a fuel additive the cavitating phenomena will play an important role. But all fluids cavitate. For years I've been investigating the original Keely Motor and in 1994 I determined it functioned primarily with this cavitating principle. Keely used intermittent or alternating "negative pressure" (vacuum pulses) to generate what he called "etheric vapor" from water which he used to drive machinery and other effects. This method exerted rapid "pulls" or vacuums on liquid water causing it to cavitate into a vapor, gas or vapor/gas mixture. This was his "ether". He even fired a cannon with this vapor among other things. It has power. Some people call cavitation "implosion". This process will convert a liquid to a vapor or gas very quickly and efficiently. Which is what we are seeing happening in your reactor processes. You may be interested to know the cavitation process is known to create a "Free Energy" situation where more energy is released then the originating action. This is established scientific fact. See info below. I hope this information is interesting and useful to you. We can discuss it more if you like. I would like to take your class but that may be later in spring time. Please keep up your fine work. Sincerely, Dale Pond CAVITATION Cavitation is the formation and activity of bubbles (or cavities) in a liquid. Here the word 'formation' refers, in a general way, both to the creation of a new cavity or to the expansion of a preexisting one to a size where macroscopic effects can be observed. These bubbles may be suspended in the liquid or may be trapped in tiny cracks either in the liquid's boundary surface or in solid particles suspended in the liquid. The expansion of the minute bubbles may effected by reducing the ambient pressure by static or dynamic means. The bubbles then become large enough to be visible to the unaided eye. The bubbles may may contain gas or vapour or a mixture of both gas and vapour. If the bubbles contain gas, then the expansion may be by diffusion of dissolved gases from the liquid into the bubble, or by pressure reduction, or by temperature rise. If, however, the bubbles contain mainly vapour, reducing the ambient pressure sufficiently at essentially constant temperature causes an 'explosive' vaporization into the cavities which is the phenomenon that is called cavitation, whereas raising the temperature sufficiently causes the mainly vapour bubbles to grow continuously producing the effect known as boiling. This means that 'explosive' vaporization or boiling do not occur until a threshold is reached. There are thus four ways of inducing bubble growth: 1. For a gas-filled bubble, by pressure reduction or increase in temperature. This is called gaseous cavitation. 2. For a vapour-filled bubble, by pressure reduction. This is called vapourous cavitation. 3. For a gas-filled bubble, by diffusion. This is called degassing as gas comes out of the liquid. 4. For a vapour-filled bubble, by sufficient temperature rise. This is called boiling. The situation is complicated because the bubble usually contains a mixture of gas and vapour. Looking at it another way, we may distinguish between four different kinds of cavitation according to how it is produced: 1. Hydrodynamic cavitation is produced by pressure variations in a flowing liquid due to the geometry of the system. 2. Acoustic cavitation is produced by sound waves in a liquid due to pressure variations. 3. Optic cavitation is produced by photons of high intensity (laser) light rupturing in a liquid. 4. Particle cavitation is produced by any other type of elementary particles, e.g., a proton, rupturing a liquid, as in a bubble chamber. It has been pointed out that whereas hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation are brought about by tension in the liquid, optic and particle cavitation are achieved by a local deposition of energy. (Cavitation, Young, 1989) CAVITATION AS A POWER SOURCE - What Others Say "The collapse of the smaller vapor filled cavities [during cavitation] causes many extreme results as the intensity of the resulting shock wave may be considerably greater than the originating action." (1) "Cavitation is mainly known for its harmful effects, namely, loss of performance, erosion, and noise.(2) However, attempts to induce and harness cavitation for useful purposes have been increasingly successful. [For instance] In high-pressure jets, cavitation has for some time now been purposely induced in order to increase their drilling, cutting, and cleaning capabilities."(3) "... pressure of thousands of atmospheres may be developed at the moment when the cavity collapses to a small fraction of the original diameter. Such collapses are, therefore, bound to cause enormous effects, as high kinetic energies are being concentrated at very small spots."(4) "To give an idea of the amazing effects of cavitation, it may be pointed out that after a destroyer had rushed for several hours at maximum speed, the armor plates above the propeller were pierced by a hole of the dimension of about one square foot."(5) "If the cavities are larger than about --- in diameter the pressure at the solid [boundary] is about 1000 atmospheres (14,000 psi)."(6) "While denucleated liquids may have a number of practical applications such as their use for a transmission medium in high intensity ultrasonic equipment, the use of enhanced nucleation in liquids could have far reaching possibilities. If it were possible materially to reduce the power necessary for active cavitation many of the actions utilizing the phenomenon of cavitation would become more economic and practical from the point of view of commercial exploitation."(6) (1) Crawford, Alan E.,Ultrasonic Engineering with particular reference to high power applications; Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1955, London. page 26. (2) Hammitt, F. G., "Cavitation and Multipahse Flow Phenomena", McGraw-Hill International Company, 1980. (3) Johnson, V. E., Jr., Chahine, G. L., Lindemuth, W. T., Conn, A. F., Frederick, G. S., and Giacchino, G. J. Jr., "Cavitating and Structured Jets for Mechanical Bits to Increase Drilling Rates." ASME Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Vol. 106, 1984, pp. 282-294. (4) Prakash, Satya, and Ghosh, Ashim K., "Ultrasonics and Colloids", Scientific Research Committee, Allahabad, India, 1961. (5) Prakash, Satya, and Ghosh, Ashim K., "Ultrasonics and Colloids", Scientific Research Committee, Allahabad, India, 1961. (6) Crawford, Alan E.,Ultrasonic Engineering with particular reference to high power applications; Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1955, London.

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