Text: "Newton and the cause of gravity." Ether theory seems to have delayed Newton's formulation of the theory of gravity twenty years. His only two assumptions (ether or action-at-a-distance) seemed unreasonable. Details of his struggle are explored. In the scalar electromagnetics view, both ether and action at a distance are reasonable. Ether, of course, has already been restored to modern physics, and again is an acceptable concept. By the Bohm-Aharonov effect, scalar potentials can interfere to form E and H force fields (energy and action) at a distance. American Journal of Physics. 26(9), Dec. 1958. p. 619-624.

See Also: gravitation, gravitational field, foundations of physics, history, ether, action-at-a-distance.

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