Text: Electromotive Series metals to be used as electrodes in electrolysis K Na Ca Mg Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb <-H-> Cu Hg Ag Au Pt C 701+ 601+ 702+ 602+ 603+ 703D+ 703C- 703E+ 703E- 803A- 903A- 401+ 703D- 903C- 803D- 903D- 903F- 504++ RULES: 1) Each metal will displace from their salts all the others situated to the right of it in the electromotive series. 2) All metals situated to the left of hydrogen will displace it from acids, while those situated to the right of it will not. 3) The farther two metals are from one another, the higher the voltage of a galvanic cell made up of them. (Electrodes made of metals from the left of H and right of H will provide the greastest potentials.) NOTES: Stainless steel, when used as both electrodes simultaneously, will produce one of the LEAST biased potentials and hence produce the least amount of Hydrogen and Oxygen. Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na) are explosive in water, use with care and only as alloys with other metals. Laws of Electrolysis by Michael Faraday 1) The weight of a substance deposited by electrolysis is proportional to the quantity of electricity passing through the solution and is quite independent of any other factors. 2) During electrolysis equal quantities of electricity liberate equivalent quantities of substances from various chemical compounds.

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