Text: First presented by Sadi Carnot in 1824. Process 1 is an isothermal process at a low temperature T2, and during this process an amount of heat is taken from the working substance. Process 2 is an adiabatic process during which the temperature is raised from T1 to T2. Process 3 is an isothermal process at high temperature T1, and during this process an amount of heat is given to the working substance. Process 4 is an adiabatic process during which the temperature drops from T1 to T2, the beginning temperature.

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