Text: Process 1. Compress a gram of working substance (steam) from volume s to volume w and condense all but an infinitesimal residue of the steam to water, taking an amount of heat L from the substance, thus keeping the temperature constant. During this process an amount of work equal to (s-w) x p will be done ON the substance. Process 2. Continue the compression by an infinitesimal amount without taking heat from the substance, thus condensing the residue of steam to water and causing temperature and pressure to rise to T+T and p+�p, respectively. Process 3. Expand the gram of substance from volume w to volume s and vaporize all but an infinitesimal residue of water by giving sufficient heat to the substance to keep the temperature constant at T+�T. During this process an amount of work equal to (s-w) x (p+�p) will be done BY the substance. Process 4. Continue the expansion by an infinitesimal amount without giving heat to the substance, thus vaporizing the residue of water and causing temperature and pressure to fall to the initial values T and p, respectively.

See Also: CARNOT CYCLE; CAVITATION

Source: 107