Text: In the present electromagnetics theory, charge and charged mass are falsely made identical. Actually, on a charged particle, the "charge" is the flux of virtual particles on the "bare particle" of observable mass. The charged particle is thus a "system" of true massless charge coupled to a bare chargeless mass. The observable "mass" is static, three-dimensional, and totally spatial. "Charge" is dynamic, four-dimensional or more, virtual and spatiotemporal. Further, the charge and observable mass can be decoupled, contrary to present theory. Decoupled charge - that is, the absence of mass - is simply what we presently refer to as"vacuum." Vacuum, spacetime, and massless charge are all identical. Rigorously, we should utilize any of these three as an"ether," as suggested for vacuum by Einstein himself (see MaxBorn, Einstein's Theory of Relativity, revised edition, Dover Publications, New York, 1965, p. 224). And all three of them are identically anenergy - not energy, but more fundamental components of energy.

See Also: SCALAR; POLARIZATION; POLARITY

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