Astrology-a
look at the evidence http://www.phact.org/e/astrolgy.htm
Unfortunately
most Astronomy books don't even mention the existence of Astrology. Most
Astronomers just ignore the subject with no true examination ,only a scientific
holier than thou attitude. It should be noted that many of the early accepted
unquestioned ideas of Astronomy have been proved wrong in the past.
THINGS MOST SKEPTICS DON'T KNOW
ABOUT ASTROLOGY:
1. Astrology probably gave birth to Astronomy. There
is nothing supernatural about casting a horoscope, most of it is done according
to precise astronomical and mathematical principles.
2. Many famous scientists have been into Astrology:
Tyco Brahe, Karl Jung, Kepler, Huxley, and Copernicus.. Many others remain
anonymous.
3. Astrologers do not necessarily believe in fate.
They believe the stars impel not compel.
4. There are 10,000 practicing paid Astrologers and
millions of horoscope followers. There are hundreds of books on the topic.
Only 10% of Americans believe there can't be anything to it.
5. Astrology doesn't have to involve pphacthic phenomenon
or even direct causation. Many Astrologers believe in a natural synchronicity
between the stars and events. Other countries place even more value in
it.
6. It is a undisputed scientific fact that the planets
have a measurable magnetic, gravitational and electromagnetic influence
on the earth. Most people agree that bizarre behavior tends to peak on
full moons.
7. Astrology is not limited to natal. There is also
electional, horary, mundane, medical, meteorological, Chinese 12 year and
millennial.
8. The vast majority of those who look at their own
chart (not just a newspaper column) find uncanny accurate hits.
9. There are scores of natural phenomenon with regular
periodicity's
===========================================================================
THINGS THAT DON'T DISPROVE
ASTROLOGY
______________________________________
-
anecdotes of misses
-
condemnation by most scientists
-
lack of a good causal theory
-
Newtonian explanation of planet
-
inconsistent rules for astrology
THINGS
THAT DON'T PROVE ASTROLOGY
__________________________________
-
amazing anecdotal hits
-
scientists who believe in it
-
known lunar effects that act evenly
-
heliocentric planetary sunspot matches
-
users believe it works
-
The only universally accepted means of establishing
validity of a theory
-
or Gestalt is through objective repeatable double
blind experiments. For
-
Astrology, this work has been rather isolated or
of low statistical quality.
Good astrology
introduction , Astrology
glossary and Astrology
FAQ's
Brief
Astrological statement:
Astrology was founded in belief
of many mythical deity images. It's
been around for millennia in many
contradicting forms. It seems to be sustained
largely among women who selectively
remember hits and like hearing about
themselves. Scientific studies
on different astrological scheme have found
no ability to predict personality
type, marital success or deaths.
PROBLEMS
SKEPTICS SEE WITH ASTROLOGY:
1. Its development was based in
Geocentricism and an abandoned polytheistic religion
of quirky gods.
2. Astrological signs have no relation
to planet activity in the named constellations.
(for the prevailing tropical Astrological scheme)
3. Lack of universally accepted
conventions:
-
a) 6, 12, 14, 24 or 28 sun signs
-
b) tropical or sidereal sun signs
-
c) house division different for Regiomontanus,
Campanus or Placidus
-
d) different meaning placed for different
houses and different orb widths
-
e) multiple definitions for celestial
area composing constellations
4. There doesn't seem to be any natural
explanation for how the stars
could directly affect a child at
the point of birth. The gravitational and
electromagnetic affect of a nearby
clock would be greater than the nearest
planet.
5. If there is some known or unknown
force that the physical planets
could have on humans, how would
it selectively affect those born at a
certain timeplace.
6. Would not the instant of conception
be better for natal Astrology,
since that is when the genetic
dice is cast? Is not the exact instant of
birth an after fact to embryonic
development since an 8 month fetus is
viable and considered by many to
be a sentient womb-bound human being?
What special properties does a
womb have to temporarily shield Astrological
effects?. Wouldn't two people born
at the same instant have major differences
accountable by their genetic make
up, culture, religion and health?
7. What about people born within
the arctic and Antarctic circles who have no
diurnal arc and no astrological
information?
8. If the planets influence us,
how can we be sure that they were named
correctly and ascribed with the
correct attributes from the correct
ancient deity?
9. Why didn't earlier famous Astrologers
note the inaccuracies resulting
from not taking into account the
influences of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto?
10. Would 'Natal discrimination'
be as bad as racial, sex, age, or national
origin discrimination. (I.E. to
not hire or date someone based on birth date?)
11. Since the distance of planets
is not taken into consideration, is the
unknown Astrological force totally
independent of distance? And if so, should
Astrology take into account distant
nebula, stars and planets. Is there an
Astrologic effect from the asteroid
belt, the space shuttle, moons on other
planets, comets, solar flares,
or interstellar dust clouds.
12. Most "scientific support" offered
by Astrologers is faulty. The Gaugaughlin
study disproved conventional astrology
- but it's claim of a Mars correlation with
sports is unfounded. There is no
evidence of more strangeness of any kind
on full moons.
Like many paranormal claims: if
true, it deserves greater study and usage to
benefit humanity; if false, it
has caused many people to waste time and make
wrong decisions.
_
READINGS RECOMMENDED
BY THE NEW YORK AREA SKEPTICS
ASTROLOGY/HOROSCOPES
this was shamelessly lifted from http://www.liii.com/~nyask/biblio/astrology.html
Skeptical Inquirer Magazine:
-
Vol. 1, No. 2, 1, Vol. 3, No. 1, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2, Vol. 6,
No. 3, 1, Vol. 8, No. 2, Vol. 9, No. 4, 3, 2, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2, Vol. 13,
No. 1 ,Vol. 15, No. 2, Vol. 18, No. 1**LUNAR EFFECTS SI 3.3:68 Biological
tides, by Abell, SI 4.1:75 Suicides and homicide SI 7.1:62 James Rotton
reviews "Full Moons" SI 9.3:236 Homicides SI 10.1:129 The moon was full
and
nothing happened SI 11.1:108 Authors reply to letters on full moon
SI 14.3:298 Worldwide disasters and moon phase
SI 19.4:30 Did the moon sink the Titanic? SI 21.3:44
James Rotton: review of "How the moon affects you" SI 11.4:7 Myths and
moonshine
Books:
-
Astrology: True Or False: A Scientific Evaluation, RogerB.
Culver & Phillip A. Ianna
-
Astrology And Astronomy, Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomical Society
of the Pacific, 1989.
-
Dreams And Illusions Of Astrology, Michael Gauquelin
-
Astrology Disproved, L. Jerome
-
The Gemini Syndrome: A Scientific Evaluation Of Astrology,
Roger B. Culver & Philip A. Ianna
-
Objections To Astrology, Bart J. Bok & Lawrence E. Jerome
-
Astrology, (Opposing Viewpoints, Great Mysteries), Mary-Paige
Royer
-
Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy And Its Consequences,
John Allen Paulos
-
"Astrology: A Case Study In Defective Reasoning," in Clear
Thinking: A Practical Introduction--Hy Ruchlis
-
"Public Television Station Accepts Astrology, Shuns Skepticism"
& "A Follow-Up To NJN-TV's Astrology Program," in The New York Area
Skeptic, Vol. 6, No. 1
-
"Why Astrology Never Seems To Work," in The New York Area
Skeptic, Vol. 7, No. 2
-
"Astrology," in Science Confronts The Paranormal, Kendrick
Frazier (ed.)
-
"Astrology," in Paranormal Borderlands Of Science, Kendrick
Frazier (ed.)
-
"Astrology," in Science And The Paranormal: Probing The Existence
Of The Supernatural, George O. Abell & Barry Singer (eds.)
-
"Astrology, The Lunar Effect And Biorhythms," in Pseudoscience
And The Paranormal, Terence Hines
-
"Astrology---Its Principles And Relation And Nonrelation
To Science," G. Abell, in The Science Teacher, Dec. 1974, p.9
-
"Astrology And Modern Science Revisited," J. Barth &
J. Bennett, in Leonardo, 1974, Vol. 7, p. 235.
-
"Astrology," in ESP, Seers & Pphacthics, Milbourne Christopher
-
"A Double Blind Test Of Astrology," S. Carlson, in Nature,
1985, Vol. 318, p. 419.
-
"Astrology," S. Carlson, in Experientia, 1988, Vol. 44, p.
290.
-
"The Scientific Case Against Astrology," I. Kelly in Mercury,
Nov/Dec 1980, p. 135.
-
"Astrology And Science: A Critical Examination," I. Kelly
in Pphacthological Reports, 1979, Vol. 44, p. 1231
-
"Astrology And Science: An Examination Of The Evidence,"
I. Kelly in Cosmic Perspectives, S. Biswas, et al, (eds.)
-
"Astrology In The Astronomy Classroom," H. Kruglak &
M. O'Bryan in Mercury, Nov/Dec 1977, p. 18.
-
"Zodiacal Signs Versus Constellations," G. Lovi in Sky &
Telescope, Nov 1987, p. 507.
-
"Observational Astrology," B. Mayer in Mercury, Jul/Aug 1987,
p. 111.
The following
are valid studies made of astrology:
Bob Glickmandid a great study of
a purported best new form of astrology by seeing if people could pick themselves
out. (one has to be careful of false positives from using subjects who
follow the zodiac) Gauquelin used tens of thousands of samples of different
attributes to any aspect of many forms of astrology with the minor exception
of something not predicted by any astrological system but only for a very
minor part of the population He found 22 percent correlation with certain
Mars positions when there should have only been a 17% match- even this
was later discredited.
Dennis Rawlings claims there were
disreputable dealings done by most of CSICOP in the refutation of Gauquelin's
work.
Culver and Iannafound no correlation
of sun sign (using different conventions) with physical characteristics,
various careers, marriage success, death, sicknesses, personality traits
etc. Geoffry Dean also found no predictive value or correlation's with
marriage or divorce. Studies of students have found people unable to evaluate
their uniqueness when given "readings" I've personally surfed vast regions
of cyberspace dedicated to furthering astrology with no good defense. Prize
money has been offered for anyone who can prove the astrological principle
to no avail.
HUMAN WEAKNESSES
SUPPORTING ASTROLOGY:
1. People love to hear about themselves -especially
women. -some astrologers act as shrinks to to people who would feel a stigma
about going to pphacthotherapist
2. We all want a single source for easy truth.
3. We'd love to know what the future holds, and we
want to think there's a grand plan, not randomness.
4. We remember meaningful coincidences and ignore
misses.
5. We think our own situation and problems are very
unique.
6. We love the exciting promises, not difficult boring
prosaic explanations.
7. Once we've invested in something, it's hard to
admit a mistake.
8. 2nd try fallacy -you can take a difficult to calculate
prediction scheme -fail to get a match -and then be very impressed when
you try again and get a better hit by chance.
9. A technologically bewildering world can nurture
a "human" backlash against cold rationalism.
10. We love mystery (note popularity of shows and
books about unexplained vs popularity of skeptical publications)
11. Individuals often fall prey to self-fulfilling
prophecy - if they think something will happen, they subtly cause it to
happen . If you wake up expecting a bad day - guess what? (this phenomenon
is well harnessed living with "power of positive thinking")
12. Studies have shown we are easily lead by suggestion.
"you had a tough day, didn't you?"
But What harm could
astrology do?
As casual entertainment, it's not a threat.
There are rare opportunities for finding a mate -
how shameful to rule out a possible great opportunity to something tantamount
to flipping a coin.
Thousands of dollars could be spent otherwise. The
decision making process is complicated enough. People concentrating on
valid means of evaluating critical decisions (rather than random ones)
could generally do better than others.
Invalid belief in astrology could lead the credulous
towards the hoards of waiting con men. Astrology could be a door opening
into a stream of new age hokum.
AN
ASTROLOGY READING THAT WORKS FOR EVERYONE:
your astrology
reading:
You are a sensitive person with a good sense of humor
who is concerned about how others see you. You work hard but are
still sometimes nervous about the future. Overbearing demanding people
get you down - but you usually cope OK. You have a few personal bodily
concerns you told no one about. You don't mind toddlers, but just
can't take their TV shows. Sometimes you get sick of this area and think
about better places you've visited. Lots of people are
putting pressure on you. You like being outside and need time
to unwind. You will get grief in a few days from some of the same idiots
who bothered you last week. Some of your favorite TV shows are on Friday
nights. You are probably getting into reading this stuff about yourself.
There are still a few secrets you don't share with your best friends. You
like salty food and sometimes see weird spots when you blink your eyes.
You sometimes feel like you just dropped 20 feet when you sleep, and then
get really strange dreams. In spite of how you may sometimes feel,
things will start getting better for you.
great - now you're done - please rate this horoscope 1 - 5 according
to the following scale:
1. That's amazing, this is me
2. Still good, but missed on a few
3. that could be me
4. not too hot
5. I don't know who that was about - but it wasn't me.
-for more information - go to: http://www.phact.org/e/astrolgy.htm or
http://www.phact.org/phact
"Men will cease
to commit atrocities only when they cease to believe absurdities"
- Voltaire
General rules
of thumb for proper skeptical response:
1. The burden of proof should fall on the claimant.
2. Extraordinary claims deserve extraordinary proof.
3. Avoid a priori reasoning. Maintain the elusive
open mind -be fair with out wrongly getting sucked in
4. Avoid ad hominems or nasty attacks just for the
sake of bursting someone's bubble.
5. Always be ready to change your position if offered
incontrovertible proof. Be open to statistical belief (I.E. I think current
evidence for UFO's I've seen is invalid - but I see some chance there could
be some.
6. Use valid reasoning. Be on guard for fakery, insanity,
hysteria. Don' just take peoples word, even if it offends people. Prefer
conclusions based on double blind controlled repeatable studies rather
than anecdotes .
7. It's OK to not decide one way or another, but
to remain unconvinced one way or another.
Great
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