Got an email questioning the 12 volt 1 FARAD capacitor
claimed to have been used by Robert Holloway in his
recent Bedini version of the Adams motor as posted at;
http://www.escribe.com/science/keelynet/m8382.html
The comment remarked on something that our electronics
classes were also told, that a one FARAD capacitor
would have to be the size of a desk. Of course that
was with the technology known at that time.
I remember we got in a new machine that had what the
schematics showed as a 1F 5 volt capacitor about 8
years ago. I thought it was a typo but removed the
covers to look at it, sure enough it looked like a fat
electrolytic, about the size of a dime and half an
inch thing. Amazing. Looked them up and they sold
for about $4.00.
The reason this is important is because it correlated
with Moray and others who apparently used deep
negative wells which would offer little resistance to
accumulation of charges from inherently small
impulses.
Vacuum tubes serve such a function as would these new
high farad capacitors.
To that end, it got me wondering what changes had been
made so I found the following available capacitors,
off the shelf;
http://www.discountcarstereo.com/Accessories/accesssoriesall.htm
CAPACITORS AND BATTERIES
CP7436 1 Farad, 20 Volt Capacitor with digital meter
cap (Rockford Fosgate) $149.99
CP7400 1 Farad, 20 Volt Capacitor (Rockford Fosgate)
$109.99
STIFF1NG 24K gold plated 1 Farad, 20 Volt
Capacitor(Stinger) $139.95
SC1F 1 Farad 16Volt capacitor in black or white
(Stinger)$89.95
------------------
http://www.ejdeaudio.com/brands/lightningaudio/lightningaudio.html
LC15 1.5 Farad Capacitor $162.50
LC25 .25 Farad Capacitor $46.25
------------------
http://www.carstereoworld.com/alumapro/alumaproprice.html
15 Farad CAPACITOR - $479.99
It differs from conventional "stiffening capacitors"
in many important ways including capacity, size, and
cost. The C.A.P.™ employs military technology,
originally developed for high-reliable power sources,
to yield instantaneous energy reserves for amplifiers
and accessories. The key to this technology is a
unique double-layer capacitor topology that offers
very high capacitance density and high rate of
charge/discharge. High power audio requires peak
currents many times the average value, which The
C.A.P.™ delivers on demand directly to the amplifiers.
It can supply 2000 joules of peak energy or about 15
times that of conventional one-farad eletrolytic
capacitors. In addition, it can it in tight places and
requires no maintenance.
------------------
http://books.dreambook.com/ivantan/ivan.html
1 Farad - 20 volt capacitor
------------------
http://www.thezeb.com/zebaudio/pricelists/install.html
1 Farad - 28 volt capacitor
------------------
dangers of pulse power multiple farad capacitors
self-charging;
http://www.keelynet.com/interact/archive/00000468.htm
------------------
http://www.isdmag.com/NewsReleases/Archives/102496.html
Los Alamitos, CA--October 23, 1996--ELNA America Inc.
(Los Alamitos, CA) has announced its development of a
new double layer capacitor which produces 50 farads
capacitance with less than or equal to 0.08 ohms
resistance, in a package measuring 25 mm diameter by
40 mm in length. Rated at 2.5V...
------------------
Super and Ultra caps
http://www.repairfaq.org/REPAIR/F_captest.html#CAPTEST_020
Capacitor technology is now at the point where it can
do load-leveling to extend the life of electric
vehicle (EV) batteries. The high power needed for EV
acceleration can be provided by an ultracapacitor. The
ultracap. can also absorb energy for regenerative
braking, to limit the otherwise very high charging
current for the battery.
Mentioned were capacitors of 1,800 farads at 2.3V.
Yup, we're now in the kilofarad era, folks!
The capacitor bank comprised a total of 80, in groups
of two in parallel, 40 groups in series. Total voltage
was 92.
Other specifications noted in passing:
Ultracaps. are now in the 0.1 to 8 kWh (kilowatt-hour)
range.
Some are made of carbon aerogels (that must not be
news...)
Maxwell has an 8-cell assembly rated at 24V, bipolar,
4.5 Wh/kg. The same company also has a monopolar cell
(monopolar?) rated at 2,300 F, 3V; 5 Wh/kg. This one
can provide over 100 A !
Some ultracapacitors apparently (pretty sure) do not
use electric double layer technology. They use oodles
of alternating layers of conductor and dielectric,
stacked 'to the thickness of a credit card'.
Some keen mind(s) have found out how to make a
dielectric layer that is 'intrinsically free of
defects'. These caps, fairly sure, use metal
conductors; they have quite-low inductance.
Multilayer thin-film caps can be made up to 25 cm^2,
to 1,200 V (!), and store 10 joules / cm^2 with
applied voltage just below breakdown.
Also noted, but considering the topic, maybe a repeat:
Carbon aerogel caps can go to 40 F /cm^3; work
excellently as cold as -30 C, and can manage power
over 7kW/kg. Self-discharge is in weeks.
BTW, did you hear that a DMM (digital multi-meter)uses
a supercap. for power? I think the figures are that a
3 minute charge will run it for 3 hours.
-----------------
on charging a capacitor;
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/capchg.html
When a battery is connected to a series resistor and
capacitor, the initial current is high as the battery
transports charge from one plate of the capacitor to
the other. The charging current asymptotically
approaches zero as the capacitor becomes charged up to
the battery voltage. Charging the capacitor stores
energy in the electric field between the capacitor
plates. The rate of charging is typically described in
terms of a time constant RC.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/capac.html#c1
series caps vs parallel caps;
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/capac.html#c2
Capacitors in parallel add ...
Capacitors in series combine as reciprocals ...
------------------
very dangerous capacitor bank experiments;
http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/amateur/capexpt.html
The (watergun) was fired at potentials ranging up to
40,000 Volts supplied by a bank of six 3uF,
150,000-volt capacitors (about 1/2 cubic yard in
size!) using 1-1/2" x 1/2" copper busbar as
conductors. The switching gap was a pair of metal
spheres between which a short length of metal rod was
inserted using air pressure. The charging supply was a
DC HV unit from an old X-ray machine. Later versions
used a 50,000V neon sign transformer and strings of
the high voltage diodes sold as replacement parts for
microwave oven repair.
-------------------
coil gun using capacitor bank;
http://www.oz.net/~coilgun/home.htm
-------------------
A side note on killing bugs using capacitive
discharges in fluid, there was a guy in Kentucky(?)
who had a machine that instantly purified water using
such a technique, he claimed it polarized the water
much like Graneaus water arc experiment, to SQUEEZE
out anything that wasn't just water, including
particles and bugs, had the machine in storage and
owed something like $20,000 for rental fees, never
could find anyone to buy it or invest in the
technology, totally electronic purification, and it
might work to desalinate water!!
----------------
Check this out;
http://www.amasci.com/amateur/steril.txt
About 25 years ago I worked on a R&D project to find
ways to kill bacteria in a continuous flow of beer,
without changing its taste. The project was funded by
a well known brewer here in Colorado. We used a
10,000 joule capacitor discharge (360uF @10,000 volts)
machine that simultaneously subjected the beer to an
intense magnetic field and a large current. The
crossed fields during the discharge produced pressure
waves in the fluid that were so steep that it ripped
apart the cell wells and killed most of the bugs with
one shot.
---------------------
how capacitors are built and brief history;
http://leonardo.eeug.caltech.edu/~ee14/lab1cds.html
---------------------
capacitor discharge impulse generators;
http://www2.murray.net.au/users/egel/cdimp.htm
---------------------
interesting rotating 'B' field note on plate
capacitor;
http://kestrel.nmt.edu/raymond/ph13xbook/node168.html
Parallel plate capacitor with circular plates in a
circuit with current i flowing into the left plate and
current i flowing out of the right plate. The magnetic
field which occurs when the charge on the capacitor is
INCREASING WITH TIME is shown at right. The y axis is
into the page in the left panel while the x axis is
out of the page in the right panel.
and circulation of a vector field;
http://kestrel.nmt.edu/raymond/ph13xbook/node169.html
=====
=================================
Please respond to jdecker@keelynet.com
as I am writing from my work email of
jwdatwork@yahoo.com.........thanks!
=================================
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