Post-vaccinal encephalomyelitis
(ADEM)
Nervous system disease & vaccination
Encephalomyelitis: Inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord.
"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (postinfectious encephalomyelitis--see also Acute Viral Encephalitis and Aseptic Meningitis in Ch. 176) is characterized by perivascular CNS demyelination, which can occur spontaneously but usually follows a viral infection or viral vaccination (or, very rarely, bacterial vaccination), suggesting an immunologic cause. Acute inflammatory peripheral neuropathies that follow a viral vaccination or the Guillain-Barré syndrome (see Ch. 183) are similar demyelinating disorders with the same presumed immunopathogenesis, but they affect only peripheral structures."--Merck Manual http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section14/chapter180/180a.htm
"Measles Encephalomyelitis in a Patient With a History of Vaccination," Acta Paediatrica Japonica, vol. 37, number 3, June 1995, pp. 374-376: A twelve-year-old girl vaccinated with a live attenuated measles vaccine developed an encephalomyelitis ten years post-vaccine. "The patient’s definite history of measles vaccination, high titers of HI and IgG antibodies…indicated that this patient has an encephalomyelitis due to Secondary Vaccine Failure of measles. It is suggested that measles virus can be a pathogen of encephalitis without symptoms indicative of ordinary measles in individuals who received live attenuated measles vaccines."
Lora Wright MMR/DTap/IPV Vaccine Case Won 2008
Bolukbasi O, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with tetanus vaccination. Eur Neurol. 1999;41(4):231-2. No abstract available.PMID: 10343155; UI: 99276501.
Czyzewska J, et al. [Apropos of some pathogenetic problems of post-vaccinal complications in children during an epidemic of smallpox]. G Mal Infett Parassit. 1966 Jun;18(6):430-4. French. No abstract available.PMID: 4384031; UI: 68126105.
Cherry, J.D (1988)., Brunell, P.A., Golden, G.S., Karzon, D.T., (1988), Report of the task force on pertussis and pertussis immunization, Pediatrics 81:6 Part 11 (June 1988) Supplement pp 936-984.
Extract: For more than 25 years, it has been known that pertussis vaccine is a reliable adjuvant for the production of experimental allergic encephalitis.74’99"8 This experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is mediated by sensitized lymphocytes rather than serum antibody mechanisms.52 Pertussis vaccine has also been used as an adjuvant in the following experimental autoimmune diseases: thyroiditis, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis, uveoretinitis, and hemolytic anemia.49"9 Except for the adjuvant effect upon antibody responses to specific vaccines, there is no evidence that any of the experimental adjuvant activities of pertussis vaccine, and specifically LPF, occur in vaccinated children.
Gurvich EB. Comparative analysis of the degree of specific humoral immunity, content of serum immunoglobulins and isolation of vaccinia virus in children with post-vaccinal encephalitis after smallpox vaccination. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1981;25(3):311-20. PMID: 6117594; UI: 82054085.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1997 Sep;55(3B):632-5 [Acute
disseminated encephalomyelitis and meningococcal A and C vaccine: case report]. [Article
in Portugese] Py MO, Andre C Servico de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Clementino
Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil.
A 25-year-old women developed acute disseminated post-vaccinal encephalomyelitis
(ADEM) following vaccination with A plus C meningococcal vaccine (Pasteur-Merieux). Fast
disappearance of symptoms and gradual resolution of MRI demyelinating lesions occurred
after steroid treatment with high doses of intravenous methylprednisolone. To our
knowledge, ADEM has not been previously described in association with meningococcal
vaccine. Although most cases of ADEM occur following viral infections and vaccination, the
syndrome has previously been related to leptospirosis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
infections. This suggests that it may also be related to exposure to
polysaccharide-protein vaccines such as the Group A plus Group C meningococcal vaccine.
PMID: 9629418, UI: 98293063
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=9629418&form=6&db=m&Dopt=b
Poser
C . Neurological complications of swine influenza vaccination.Mcta Neurol Scand
1982 Oct;66(4):413-31
The emphasis upon the remarkably large number of cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome which
resulted from the 1976 National Swine Influenza immunization program in the U.S.A. has
obscured the fact that other neurological complications, involving the central nervous
system also occurred. The anatomical distribution of lesions is almost identical with that
seen following other types of vaccination: involvement of the brain, cerebellum, optic
nerve, cranial nerves and spinal cord occurred with approximately the same frequency. 5
instances of the very rare subacute or chronic, progressive, post-vaccinal encephalopathy
are described, a situation which is identical to the subacute and chronic forms of
polyradiculoneuropathy. In a number of cases, in particular the myelopathies, a
subclinical involvement of peripheral nerves was demonstrated by means of
electrodiagnostic studies, illustrating the often overlooked fact that central nervous
system involvement will mask peripheral nerve lesions. The etiological significance of the
swine influenza vaccination was overlooked and completely erroneous diagnoses were
established in a surprisingly large number of the 26 new cases reported here. PMID:
6128862, UI: 83070654
Root-Bernstein
RS, et al. Clinical suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by muramyl
dipeptide "adjuvant". Brain Res Bull. 1986 Oct;17(4):473-6. PMID: 3779448;
UI: 87050859.
Our results, therefore, suggest that a revaluation of the role of adjuvants in inducing
autoimmune diseases may be necessary.
Ravkina LI, et al. [Morphological changes in the central nervous system in post-vaccinal encephalomyelitis developing after chickenpox vaccination in children]. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1970;70(10):1465-71. Russian. PMID: 4395233; UI: 71064831.
Schchelkunov, SN et al, "The Role of Viruses in the Induction of Allergic Encephalomyelitis," Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR, 1990,315(1):252-255. [Vaccines contain viruses, too]
Turnbull, H M, "Encephalomyelitis Following Vaccination", Brit Jour Exper Path, 7:181, 1926.
Varga SM,
et al. [See
Related Articles] [Hyperacute encephalomyelitis following lyssa
vaccination]. Morphol Igazsagugyi Orv Sz. 1979 Jan;19(1):27-31. Hungarian. PMID: 34789;
UI: 79156490.
A case of hyperacute disseminated encephalomyelitis following lyssa-vaccination is
reported. Clinical symptoms occurred on the tenth day after the vaccination and the
patient died three days afterward. Demyelinization and glia proliferation was observed
histologically in the spinal cord. No alterations could be seen in the peripheric nerves.
Conclusions: 1. The spinal and cerebral forms of the postvaccinial encephalomyelitis can
not be sharply distinguished. 2. In the postvaccinial encephalomyelitis there are also
severe infiltration, demyelinization and gliosis in the opticus. 3. Post-vaccinial lyssa
encephalomyelitis is a rare, but unavoidable complication of the lassa-vaccination. 4. The
State Insurance Company have to pay damages.
Vega LA; Smallpox vaccine encephalomyelitis. (Case report). ( W V Med J, 1969 Sep)
Vilain S, Waterschoot MP, Mavroudakis N.Encephalomyelitis and bilateral optic perineuritis after influenza vaccination.Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2000;(277):71-3.PMID: 11126677 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Witt G. [Prevalence and analysis of disorders of the post-vaccinal course following smallpox vaccination]. Offentl Gesundheitswes. 1967 Mar;29(3):134-9. German. No abstract available. PMID: 4385878; UI: 68359391.
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