Allergy reactions to vaccine ingredients

Allergy reactions to vaccine ingredients

Sensitization as defined by the Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary: n. Alteration of responsiveness of the body to the presence of foreign substances. In the development of an allergy, an individual becomes sensitized to a particular allergen and reaches a state of hypersensitivity. The phenomena of sensitization are due to the production of antibodies.

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Kelso JM, et al (1993) Anaphylaxis to measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine mediated by IgE to gelatin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993 Apr;91(4):867-72
Allergic reactions to measles, mumps, and bnrubella (MMR) vaccine are rare; some have been attributed to allergy to trace quantities of egg proteins. We report a 17-year-old female who had an anaphylactic reaction to MMR vaccine. A primary vaccination with MMR at age 15 months had been uneventful. She is not allergic to eggs; however, ear and throat pruritus and tongue swelling develop after she eats gelatin. MMR vaccine contains gelatin as a stabilizer. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prick skin tests were positive to 1:10 wt/vol dilutions of MMR vaccine and gelatin but negative to egg. By immunoassay, her serum IgE antibodies were elevated to both MMR vaccine and gelatin, but not to isolated MMR antigens. IgE binding to the gelatin carrier could be inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by addition of not only MMR vaccine but also gelatin from a variety of animal sources. Immunoblotting confirmed the presence of IgE antibodies to multiple gelatin components as well as to MMR vaccine components. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the patient has an anaphylactic sensitivity to gelatin, and that her anaphylaxis to MMR vaccine was caused by the gelatin component. This sensitivity may explain other cases of MMR anaphylaxis.

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Sakaguchi M, et al. IgE-mediated systemic reactions to gelatin included in the varicella vaccine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Feb;99(2):263-4. No abstract available.PMID: 9042057; UI: 97194619 Sakaguchi M, et al. Systemic immediate-type reactions to gelatin included in Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Vaccine. 1997 Feb;15(2):121-2. PMID: 9066026; UI: 97218589
Takuji Kumagai Vaccine. Volume 18, Issue 15, 14-February-2000 pp. 1555-1561 Copyright (c) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd All rights reserved. Gelatin-containing diphtheria--tetanus--pertussis (DTP) vaccine causes sensitization to gelatin in the recipients a b Takao Ozaki a Makoto Kamada a Chiharu Igarashi a Kenji Yuri a Hidetsugu Furukawa a Koji Wagatuma c Shunzo Chiba d Masato Sato e Hiroyuki Kojima e Akiko Saito e Toyo Okui e Shoki Yano Abstract Gelatin-specific T cell response was performed to determine whether a series of vaccinations with gelatin-containing DTP is a primary sensitization process in gelatin allergy. Thirty-seven recipients with gelatin-containing DTP who developed adverse reactions after vaccination and eight recipients of DTP without gelatin who also developed adverse reactions were studied. In addition, 10 subjects receiving gelatin-containing vaccine and 10 subjects inoculated with non-gelatin vaccine who did not show any adverse reactions were also investigated. All subjects inoculated with gelatin-containing DTP vaccine showed positive T cell responses against gelatin, however, occurrence of adverse reactions did not correlate with T cell responses. We conclude that DTP vaccine containing gelatin induces sensitization to gelatin in the recipients, but the mechanism of local reactions remains unknown. Taniguchi K, et al. Gelatin-induced T-cell activation in children with nonanaphylactic-type reactions to vaccines containing gelatin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998 Dec;102(6 Pt 1):1028-32. PMID: 9847445; UI: 99094941.