June 4 blood tests
German Court Rules "HIV Never Isolated"
[Media May 2001] Spectre of FMD fiddle to haunt
election
Sheri:
Elisa is one of the tests used for HIV and HUGE numbers of false positives. I
suggest the same thing is occuring with FMD......
EVERYBODY REACTS POSITIVE ON THE ELISA TEST FOR HIV
http://www.whale.to/w/giraldo.html
- Anti-carbohydrate antibodies 52,19,13
- Naturally-occurring antibodies 5,19
- Passive immunization: receipt of gamma globulin or immune globulin (as prophylaxis
against infection which contains antibodies) 18, 26, 60, 4, 22, 42, 43, 13
- Leprosy 2, 25
- Tuberculosis 25
- Mycobacterium avium 25
- Systemic lupus erythematosus 15, 23
- Renal (kidney) failure 48, 23, 13
- Hemodialysis/renal failure 56, 16, 41, 10, 49
- Alpha interferon therapy in hemodialysis patients 54
- Flu 36
- Flu vaccination 30, 11, 3,
20, 13, 43
- Herpes simplex I 27
- Herpes simplex II 11
- Upper respiratory tract infection (cold or flu) 11
- Recent viral infection or exposure to viral vaccines 11
- Pregnancy in multiparous women 58, 53,
13, 43, 36
- Malaria 6, 12
- High levels of circulating immune complexes 6, 33
- Hypergammaglobulinemia (high levels of antibodies) 40,
33
- False positives on other tests, including RPR (rapid plasma reagent) test for syphilis 17, 48, 33, 10,
49
- Rheumatoid arthritis 36
- Hepatitis B vaccination 28, 21, 40, 43
- Tetanus vaccination 40
- Organ transplantation 1, 36
- Renal transplantation 35, 9, 48, 13, 56
- Anti-lymphocyte antibodies 56, 31
- Anti-collagen antibodies (found in gay men, haemophiliacs, Africans of both sexes and
people with leprosy) 31
- Serum-positive for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody (both found in rheumatoid
arthritis and other autoantibodies) 14, 62,
53
- Autoimmune diseases 44, 29, 1O, 40, 49, 43
- Systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis
Acute viral infections, DNA viral infections 59, 48, 43, 53, 40, 13
- Malignant neoplasms (cancers) 40
- Alcoholic hepatitis/alcoholic liver disease 32, 48, 40, 10, 13, 49, 43, 53
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis 48, 53
- Hepatitis 54
- "Sticky" blood (in Africans) 38, 34, 40
- Antibodies with a high affinity for polystyrene (used in the test kits) 62, 40, 3
- Blood transfusions, multiple blood transfusions 63, 36, 13, 49, 43, 41
- Multiple myeloma 10, 43, 53
- HLA antibodies (to Class I and II leukocyte antigens) 7,
46, 63, 48, 10, 13, 49, 43, 53
- Anti-smooth muscle antibody 48
- Anti-parietal cell antibody 48
- Anti-hepatitis A IgM (antibody) 48
- Anti-Hbc IgM 48
- Administration of human immunoglobulin preparations pooled before 1985 10
- Haemophilia 10, 49
- Haematologic malignant disorders/lymphoma 43, 53, 9, 48, 13
- Primary biliary cirrhosis 43, 53, 13, 48
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome 9, 48, 13
- Q-fever with associated hepatitis 61
- Heat-treated specimens 51, 57, 24, 49, 48
- Lipemic serum (blood with high levels of fat or lipids) 49
- Haemolyzed serum (blood where haemoglobin is separated from the red cells) 49
- Hyperbilirubinemia 10, 13
- Globulins produced during polyclonal gammopathies (which are seen in AIDS risk groups) 10, 13, 48
- Healthy individuals as a result of poorly-understood cross-reactions 10
- Normal human ribonucleoproteins 48, 13
- Other retroviruses 8, 55, 14, 48, 13
- Anti-mitochondrial antibodies 48, 13
- Anti-nuclear antibodies 48, 13, 53
- Anti-microsomal antibodies 34
- T-cell leukocyte antigen antibodies 48, 13
- Proteins on the filter paper 13
- Epstein-Barr virus 37
- Visceral leishmaniasis 45
- Receptive anal sex 39, 64
Christine Johnson, a researcher and author, compiled this list of conditions documented
in the scientific literature to cause positives on HIV tests, and provides references for
each condition.
Christine notes:
"Just because something is on this list doesn't mean that it will definitely, or
even probably, cause a false-positive. It depends on what antibodies the individual
carries as well as the characteristics of each particular test kit.
For instance, some, but not all people who have had blood transfusions, prior
pregnancies or an organ transplant will make HLA antibodies. And some, but not all test
kits (both ELISA and Western blot) will be contaminated with HLA antigens to which these
antibodies can react. Only if these two conditions coincide might you get a false-positive
due to HLA cross-reactivity.
There are conditions that are more likely than others to cause false-positives. And
there are some conditions that we aren't aware of yet which may be documented in the
future to cause false-positives. Some of the factors on the list have been documented only
for ELISA, while some have been documented for both ELISA and Western blot (WB) tests.
People may be eager to argue that if a factor is only known to cause false-positives on
ELISA, this problem won't be carried over to the WB. But remember, a WB is positive by
virtue of accumulating enough individual positive bands to add up to the total required by
whatever criteria is used to interpret it 39. So
the more exposure a person has had to foreign antigens, proteins and infectious agents,
the more various antibodies he or she will have in their system, and the more likely it is
that there will be several cross-reacting antibodies, enough to make the WB positive.
It is to be noted that all AIDS risk groups (and Africans as well), but not the general
US or Western European population, have this problem in common: they have been exposed to
a plethora of foreign antigens and proteins. This is why people in the AIDS "risk
groups" tend to have positive WBs (i.e., to be considered "HIV-infected")
and people in the general population don't. However, even people in low-risk populations
may have false-positive Western blots for poorly understood reasons 47.
Since false-positives to every single HIV protein have been documented 36, how do we know if the positive WB bands represent the various
proteins to HIV, or a collection of false-positive bands reacting to several different
non-HIV antibodies?"
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