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Inside The LC: The Strange but Mostly True Story of
Laurel Canyon and the Birth of the Hippie Generation by Dave McGowan |
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Part I (May 8, 2008) |
Part II (May 13, 2008) |
Part III (May 13, 2008) |
Part IV (May 19, 2008) |
Part V (June 6, 2008) |
Part VI (June 6, 2008) |
Part VII (June 22, 2008) |
Part VIII |
Part IX | Part X | Part XI (Coming Soon) | Part XII (Coming Soon) |
Inside the LC, Part 16 by Dave McGowan (June 16, 2009) Just after returning from the 1968 tour, Dennis Wilson bonded with another local musician, a guy by the name of Charlie Manson. When Dennis introduced his new friend Charlie to his buddies in the Buffalo Springfield, Neil Young in particular was quite smitten – so much so that he reportedly went to record mogul Mo Ostin and recommended that Ostin sign Charlie right away.
Inside the
LC, Part 15 by Dave McGowan (June 16, 2009) Hundreds of
thousands of young men from all across the country were swept up and fed
into the war machine, but not one of the musical icons of the Woodstock
generation was among them. How could that be? Should we just consider
that to be another one of those great serendipities? Was it mere luck
that kept all the Laurel Canyon stars out of jail and out of the
military during the turbulent decade that was the 1960s?
Not likely. The reality is that ‘The Establishment,’ as it was known in
those days, had the power to prevent the musical icons of the 1960s from
ever becoming the megastars that they became. The state, aka corporate
America, could quite easily have prevented the entire countercultural
movement from ever really getting off the ground – because then, as now,
the state controlled the channels of communication.
....A real grass-roots cultural revolution would probably have involved
a bunch of starving musicians barely scratching out a living playing
tiny coffee shops in the hopes of maybe someday landing a record deal
with some tiny, local independent label and then, just maybe, if they
got really lucky, getting a little airplay on some obscure college radio
stations. But that’s not how the ‘60s folk-rock ‘revolution’ played out.
Not by any stretch of the imagination.
It would appear then that the two record labels that signed and launched
Laurel Canyon’s first two folk-rock bands were not only major record
labels, they also just happened to be corporate entities that had deep
ties to the nation’s capitol and power center.
....It was the major record labels, not upstart independents, that
signed Laurel Canyon’s newly-formed bands. It was the major labels that
provided them with instruments and amplifiers. It was the major labels
that provided them with studio time and session musicians. It was the
major labels that recorded, mixed and arranged their albums. It was the
major labels that released and then heavily promoted those albums. And
so as not to be left out, the corporate titans of all three branches of
the mainstream media – print, radio and television – did their part to
help out the titans of the record industry.
The boys in the Buffalo Springfield, for example, managed to find
themselves appearing as guests on an impressive array of network
television shows, including American Bandstand, The Smothers Brothers
Show, Shebang, the Della Reese Show, the Go Show, the Andy Williams
Show, Hollywood Palace, Where the Action Is, Joey Bishop’s late night
show, and a local program known as Boss City. They also made guest
appearances, curiously enough, on primetime hits like Mannix and The
Girl From Uncle.
....The print media did its part as well to raise awareness of the new
music/countercultural scene. In September 1965, the nation’s premier
newsweeklies, Time and Newsweek, “ran virtually simultaneous stories on
the folk-rock craze,” just months after the first folk-rock release, the
Byrd’s Mr. Tambourine Man, had climbed to the top of the charts. The
country’s biggest daily newspapers chimed in as well, providing an
inordinate amount of coverage of the emerging scene. By the end of 1967,
the movement had its very own publication, Rolling Stone magazine.
Initially designed to look as though it were a product of the
underground press, it was, without question, very much a corporate
mouthpiece.
The next Young Turk up for review is the one who went
on to become arguably the most acclaimed actor of his generation, Mr. Jack
Nicholson. The following is a biographical sketch of Nicholson as presented by
Wikipedia: “Bundy was born at the Elizabeth Lund Home for Unwed Mothers in
Burlington, Vermont. The identity of his father remains a mystery … To avoid
social stigma, Bundy’s grandparents Samuel and Eleanor Cowell claimed him as
their son; in taking their last name, he became Theodore Robert Cowell. He grew
up believing his mother Eleanor Louise Cowell to be his older sister. Bundy
biographers Stephen Michaud and Hugh Aynesworth state that he learned Louise was
actually his mother while he was in high school. True crime writer Ann Rule
states that it was around 1969, shortly following a traumatic breakup with his
college girlfriend.”
Uhhm … hang on a minute … I think I might have screwed up. Something doesn’t
seem quite right, but I’m not exactly sure what …. Oh, shit! I see what I did
wrong! I accidentally cut and pasted ‘serial killer’ Ted Bundy’s bio instead of
Jack Nicholson’s. Sorry about that. This is how Jack’s bio is supposed to read:
Nicholson was born at some indeterminate location to an underage, unwed
showgirl. The identity of his father remains a mystery … To avoid social stigma,
Nicholson’s grandparents John Joseph and Ethel Nicholson claimed him as their
son; in taking their last name, he became John Joseph Nicholson, Jr. He grew up
believing his mother June Francis Nicholson to be his older sister. Reporters
state that he learned June was actually his mother in 1974, when he was 37 years
old. By then, June had been dead for just over a decade, having only lived to
the age of 44.
Government protection of drug
pushers:
Owsley soon began cooking up both Methedrine and LSD in a
makeshift bathroom lab near the campus of the university. On February 21, 1965,
that lab was raided by state narcotics agents who seized all his lab equipment
and charged Stanley with operating a meth lab. As Barry Miles recounted in
Hippie, “Berkeley was awash with speed and Owsley was responsible for much
of it.” Nevertheless, Owsley walked away from the raid unscathed, and, with the
help of his attorney, who happened to be the vice-mayor of Berkeley, he even
successfully sued to have all his lab equipment returned. He quickly put that
equipment to work producing some 4,000,000 tabs of nearly pure LSD in the
mid-1960s.
Perhaps Neil Young said it best when he told an interviewer that he couldn’t really say why he headed out to LA circa 1966; he and others “were just going like Lemmings.”
Given that Zappa was, by numerous accounts, a rigidly authoritarian
control-freak and a supporter of U.S. military actions in Southeast Asia, it is
perhaps not surprising that he would not feel a kinship with the youth movement
that he helped nurture. And it is probably safe to say that Frank’s dad also had
little regard for the youth culture of the 1960s, given that Francis Zappa was,
in case you were wondering, a chemical warfare specialist assigned to – where
else? – the Edgewood Arsenal. Edgewood is, of course, the longtime home of
America’s chemical warfare program, as well as a facility frequently cited as
being deeply enmeshed in MK-ULTRA operations. Curiously enough, Frank Zappa
literally grew up at the Edgewood Arsenal, having lived the first seven years of
his life in military housing on the grounds of the facility. The family later
moved to Lancaster, California, near Edwards Air Force Base, where Francis Zappa
continued to busy himself with doing classified work for the
military/intelligence complex. His son, meanwhile, prepped himself to become an
icon of the peace & love crowd. Again, nothing unusual about that, I suppose.
Making up the other half of Laurel
Canyon’s First Family is Frank’s wife, Gail Zappa, known formerly as Adelaide
Sloatman. Gail hails from a long line of career Naval officers, including her
father, who spent his life working on classified nuclear weapons research for
the U.S. Navy. Gail herself had once worked as a secretary for the Office of
Naval Research and Development (she also once told an interviewer that she had
“heard voices all [her] life”). Many years before their nearly simultaneous
arrival in Laurel Canyon, Gail had attended a Naval kindergarten with “Mr. Mojo
Risin’” himself, Jim Morrison (it is claimed that, as children, Gail once hit
Jim over the head with a hammer). The very same Jim Morrison had later attended
the same Alexandria, Virginia high school as two other future Laurel Canyon
luminaries – John Phillips and Cass Elliott. PART 1
Timing is a curious thing. When I first started this series in May of 2008,
the fact that Jim Morrison’s father had served as the commander of the
ships involved in the Gulf of Tonkin ‘incident’ had gone virtually unreported
for some four-and-a-half decades. Readers were shocked – shocked, I tell you! –
when I began this series by trotting out that revelation. Some even accused me
of making it up, or of somehow twisting the facts.
But as fate would have it, as December of 2008 rolled around, the mainstream
media was suddenly awash with reports of the unusual Morrison family connection.
On December 8, for example, the Los Angeles Times carried a report on Admiral
George Stephen Morrison, described therein as “a retired Navy rear admiral and
the father of the late rock icon Jim Morrison.” According to the Times report,
“Morrison had a long career that included serving as operations officer aboard
the aircraft carrier Midway and commanding the fleet during the 1964 Gulf of
Tonkin incident, which led to an escalation of American involvement in Vietnam.”
(emphasis added)
The very next day, on December 9, the New York Times followed suit with a report
by William Grimes: “George S. Morrison, who commanded the fleet during the Gulf
of Tonkin incident that led to an escalation of the Vietnam War and whose son
Jim was the lead singer of the Doors … Aboard the flagship carrier Bon Homme
Richard, Mr. Morrison commanded American naval forces in the gulf when the
destroyer Maddox engaged three North Vietnamese torpedo boats on Aug. 2, 1964. A
skirmish and confused reports of a second engagement two days later led
President Lyndon B. Johnson to order airstrikes against North Vietnam and to
request from Congress what became known as the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, allowing
him to carry out further military operations without declaring war.” (emphasis
again added) Part XIII
Before his arrival in Laurel Canyon, Stephen Stills was (*yawn*) the
product of yet another career military family. Raised partly in Texas, young
Stephen spent large swaths of his childhood in El Salvador, Costa Rica, the
Panama Canal Zone, and various other parts of Central America – alongside his
father, who was, we can be fairly certain, helping to spread ‘democracy’ to the
unwashed masses in that endearingly American way. As with the rest of our cast
of characters, Stills was educated primarily at schools on military bases and at
elite military academies. Among his contemporaries in Laurel Canyon, he was
widely viewed as having an abrasive, authoritarian personality. Nothing unusual
about any of that, of course, as we have already seen with the rest of our cast
of characters.
There is, however, an even more
curious aspect to the Stephen Stills story: Stephen will later tell anyone who
will sit and listen that he had served time for Uncle Sam in the jungles of
Vietnam. These tales will be universally dismissed by chroniclers of the era as
nothing more than drug-induced delusions. Such a thing couldn’t possibly be
true, it will be claimed, since Stills arrived on the Laurel Canyon scene at the
very time that the first uniformed troops began shipping out and he remained in
the public eye thereafter. And it will of course be quite true that Stephen
Stills could not have served with uniformed ground troops in Vietnam, but what
will be ignored is the undeniable fact that the U.S. had thousands of ‘advisers’
– which is to say, CIA/Special Forces operatives – operating in the country for
a good many years before the arrival of the first official ground troops. What
will also be ignored is that, given his background, his age, and the timeline of
events, Stephen Stills not only could indeed have seen action in Vietnam, he
would seem to have been a prime candidate for such an assignment. After which,
of course, he could rather quickly become – stop me if you’ve heard this one
before – an icon of the peace generation. PART 1
Another of those icons, and one of Laurel Canyon’s most flamboyant residents,
is a young man by the name of David Crosby, founding member of the
seminal Laurel Canyon band the Byrds, as well as, of course, Crosby, Stills &
Nash. Crosby is, not surprisingly, the son of an Annapolis graduate and WWII
military intelligence officer, Major Floyd Delafield Crosby. Like others in this
story, Floyd Crosby spent much of his post-service time traveling the world.
Those travels landed him in places like Haiti, where he paid a visit in 1927,
when the country just happened to be, coincidentally of course, under military
occupation by the U.S. Marines.
If there is, as many believe, a network of elite families that has shaped
national and world events for a very long time, then it is probably safe to say
that David Crosby is a bloodline member of that clan .... If America had
royalty, then David Crosby would probably be a Duke, or a Prince, or something
similar (I’m not really sure how that shit works). But other than that, he is
just a normal, run-of-the-mill kind of guy who just happened to shine as one of
Laurel Canyon’s brightest stars. And who, I guess I should add, has a real
fondness for guns, especially handguns, which he has maintained a sizable
collection of for his entire life. According to those closest to him, it is a
rare occasion when Mr. Crosby is not packing heat (John Phillips also owned and
sometimes carried handguns). And according to Crosby himself, he has, on at
least one occasion, discharged a firearm in anger at another human being. All of
which made him, of course, an obvious choice for the Flower Children to rally
around. PART 1
Another shining star on the Laurel Canyon scene, just a few years later, will be singer-songwriter Jackson Browne, who is – are you getting as bored with this as I am? – the product of a career military family. Browne’s father was assigned to post-war ‘reconstruction’ work in Germany, which very likely means that he was in the employ of the OSS, precursor to the CIA. As readers of my “Understanding the F-Word” may recall, U.S. involvement in post-war reconstruction in Germany largely consisted of maintaining as much of the Nazi infrastructure as possible while shielding war criminals from capture and prosecution. Against that backdrop, Jackson Browne was born in a military hospital in Heidelberg, Germany.