Female genital mutilation (FGM)
Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as Female genital cutting (FGC) and female circumcision. Clitorectomies: A general term encompassing three types of excision of the external female genitalia - Sunna, clitoridectomy, and infibulation.
External
Hanny Lightfoot-Klein
http://www.fgmnetwork.org
Quotes
Incidentally, Victorian medicine was equally rapacious in its claims on
female genitalia. The fact that FGM didn't follow
MGM in becoming nearly universal in this
country may be largely an accident of anatomy: the surgical risks are likely
higher. Yet American medical journal articles proclaiming the benefits of
clitorectomies persisted until at least the 1950's, and clitorectomies of minors
were covered by Blue Cross-Blue Shield until 1977. (Surprisingly, the continuing
western practice of episiotomy during childbirth, in the face of its iatrogenic
"indications" and consequences, is not generally recognized as a form of FGM.)
[2005]
Male Circumcision in the USA: A Human Rights Primer by Rich Winkel