APPENDIX A THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS VMREAS recognition of the inherent dienitv and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family i;the foundation-of freedom, justice and peace in the world, WHEREAS disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous sets which have outraged the conscience of manleind, and the advent of a world In which human beings iball enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common peoplep WHEREAS, it Is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, n a last resort, to rebellion iigionst tyranny and oppression, that human rights shot.dd be protected by the rule of law, WHEREAS h b essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, WHEREAS the peoples of the United Nations have in their Charter reaffirmed their faith In fundamental human rights, in the dignitv and worth of the a- human person and In the equal rights of men and women nd have determined to promote social progress and better Standards of life in larger freedom, WHEREAS Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in coperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and Observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, WHEREAS a conunon understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest Importance for the full realization of this pledge, NOW, THEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY PROCLAIMS this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for an peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society,- keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their Universal and effective recog7 nition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. Article 1. All human beings are bom free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, iurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-seif-goveming or Under any other limitation of sovereignty. YOUR PERFECT RIGHT 185 Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article S. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 6. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimin-ation- in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. Article 8. Everyone has the right to an effective Temedaynby the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights gr- t6d him by the constitution or by law. Article 9. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention of exile. Article 10. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an indepe dent and impart al tribunal, in th n e determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. b Article 11. (1 ) Everyone c arged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he (2) No one shall be held uilty of any penal offence on account of any act or has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. 9 omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be im osed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committee Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, @or to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. Article 13. (I ) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. Article 14. (I ) Everyone has the right to seek and to ccnjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. Article 15. (1 ) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. Article 16. (1) Men and women of full a , without any limitation due to ge race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. (2) . Marriage shall be entered into only with th@ free and full consent of the intending spouses. (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. 186 APPENDIX A Article 17. (1)' E ryone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. ve (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and In public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. Article 20. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. Article 21. (I part in the government of his country, directlv ives. (2) Everyone b service in his country. (3) The will of authority of government; this will shall be exp ns which shall be by universal ancdl equal suffra te or by equivalent free voting procedures. Article 2?. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. Article 23. (I ) Everyon@ has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. (3) Everyone who works has the right to just ind fivotirable remuneration ensur- ing for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supple- mented, if necessary. by other means of social protection. (4) Everyone has'ihe right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. Article 24. Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limita- tion of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. Article 2S. ( 1 ) Everyone has the right to a standard of livinL7 adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including fooj,' clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of kness disability, widowhood, old age or other iack of liveli- ho beyo id his control. (2 childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All chi rn in or out of wedlock, shall enio the ame social protection . y Article 26. . (I ) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundament@ staees. Elementary education shall be com- pulsory. Technical a@d professional education shall be 'made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or 187 YOUR PERFECT RIGliT s groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the main. r i to te agnue of peace. (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that given to their children. shall be ' Article 27. ( I ) Everyone has the right freely t? participate in the cultural life of the 'nu Y, to enjoy the arts and to sha're in scientific corn nit