LIGHT IS THE GHOST OF MASS
By Chuck Bennett
This decade has seen an upsurge in the interest to resurrect a workable aether in order to provide a practical medium for the analysis of newly discovered phenomena such as over-unity hydrogen energy production, the manipulation of gravitation and over-unity electric motors [1-5]. An aether concept based on a permeable medium whereby matter and light waves were separate from each other was squashed as "superfluous" at the turn of the century [6]. Therefore, the new aether must provide an answer to the obstacles encountered, such as manifested by water filled telescopes, stellar aberration and the Michelson and Morley null result.
One approach to this overall goal is to invoke the property of quantization (or discrete particles) to the fundamental structure of the aether [7]. In a recent interview with Arthur C. Clarke, the power available from empty space in terms of "zero-point energy" is described by the late Nobel laureate, Julian Schwinger, as the tapping of "quantum fluctuations" [8]. The quantization of the aether can be explained by the view that the aether consists of a sea of particles that are on the order of a million times lighter than the electron. The mass range of the particles is in the range for the spectrum of all light photons. Therefore, the aether simply consists of a medium of "condensed photons." Then light can be viewed as evaporated mass and mass as condensed light. Steven Rado has characterized this approach in terms of an ideal gas [9]. As far as knowing what's in-between the particles: it doesn't matter. And that is to be taken literally because there isn't any definable matter between the particles, just uncondensed primordial gradient fields or vacuum.
A theory for gravitation has been presented based on the approach that gravity is the "aether wind" [10]. Gravity is related to mass and mass is related to light energy via the equation, E = mc2 [11-12]. Gravity can be modeled as a mass gradient and is shown to be inversely proportional to the emanation of light energy as a light gradient by the proportionality constant, žc2. In other words, light is basically a "hole" in the quantized aether that travels as a perturbation opposite the knocking action of the particles that comprise the medium. This is why light can be thought of as "the ghost of mass."
This phenomenon is emphasized in two well known actions. When a positron and electron meet, the mass does not necessarily get "annihilated," it simply turns to as equivalent amount of light energy in the form of two powerful photons traveling in opposite directions with opposite spins. In another example, when an electron hops from a higher orbit to a lower orbit, a quantum of light energy as a photon is released as exemplified by the Bohr hydrogen atom in a spectrum of discrete quantum energies. The mass loss of the electron is negligible, but the mass and energy of the photon is described by the relations, E = mpc2 = hf, and mpc = h, where mp is the equivalent mass of the photon, h is Planck's constant, f is the frequency, is the wavelength, and is related to f by c = f. Photon emission is a good example of where mass (the electron) goes in and light (the photon) goes out.
A quantized aether allows general relativity to be reduced to the mechanics of a real and workable medium rather than an abstract notion that space is curved described by a stream of ambiguous mathematics. Real models of physics have enabled the engineering of flight and hopefully can be extended to the speed-of-light realm to enable luminal or super-luminal space flight.
The three so-called proofs of general relativity may be explained by a quantized aether. Gravitation is the process where the particles that comprise the particle sea are accelerated inward to the center of a mass. Therefore, light would be slowed going against gravity and accelerated towards gravity. This has been shown to be true in experiments where the frequency of photons is shifted to red or blue depending on the direction in the earth's gravitational field. Light from distant stars gets bent towards the sun as viewed from the earth by a very subtle amount. Gravity as the aether wind explains this phenomena. And finally, if gravitation is limited by the tangential speed of the underlying particle of the aether, analogous to sound in gas molecules, then very subtle effects would be observed in rare occasions such as the delay [precession] in the orbit of the perihelion of the planet Mercury as a deviation from calculations based on Newtonian gravitation.
References:
1. H. Fox, "The Nature of the Aether," New Energy News, vol 4, no 12, April 1997, p 9.
2. M. Twain, "Aether Workshop," preparation for Workshop (to be held at Stanford Univ. July 18-20, 1997). Plasmatronix, Intl., P.O. Box E, Menlo Park, CA 94026, Phone 415-569-3299.
3. H. Fox, "So You Want to Be Involved in New Energy?" New Energy News, vol 4, no 12, April 1997, pp 2-3.
4. M.G. Millis, "NASA Preparing for the Future," New Energy News, vol 4, no 12, April 1997, pp 6-7.
5. H. Aspden, "The Motors that Keep Us Alive," New Energy News, vol 4, no 12, April 1997, pp 1-2.
6. A. Einstein, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies," Annalen Derphysic, vol 17, no 5, September 26, 1905, pp 891-921.
7. C. Bennett, "A Quantized Aether," New Energy News, vol 4, no 7, November 1996, p 7.
8. F. Guteri, "An Odyssey of Sorts," Discover, May 1997, pp 68-69.
9. S. Rado, Aethro-Kinematics, Aethron Publishing Co., Los Angeles, 1994.
10. C. Bennett, "Gravity as the Aether Wind," April 1997.
11. C. Bennett, "Einstein's Mass Dilation as Aether Drag," New Energy News, vol 4, no 12, April 1997, p 7.
12. A. Einstein, "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon its Energy?" Annalen Derphysic, vol 18, no 3, November 21, 1905, pp 639-641.
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May 25, 1997.