The force that keeps us
all glued to the surface of Earth, gravity dominates any discussion
of the evolution and fate of the universe. Surprisingly, for all of
its impact, it ranks as the weakest of the four fundamental forces
in nature (the others being the electromagnetic and strong and weak
nuclear forces). But the others pale when you talk about the
universe as a whole because the two nuclear forces act only over
very short distances, while most large objects are electrically
neutral and therefore unaffected by the electromagnetic
force.(Singularity)
Isaac Newton
first described gravity and had the insight to realize that the
force that holds us to Earth (and makes apples fall) is the same one
that keeps the planets in their orbits around the Sun. He deduced
the mathematical nature of the mutual force and correctly
hypothesized that gravity acts across the entire universe. Albert
Einstein modified this view of gravity by arguing that the
gravitational force is a manifestation of the curvature of
space-time. Although Einstein’s idea is necessary for describing the
evolution of the universe as a whole, Newton’s theory works well
enough when gravitational forces are not extremely strong.
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