Introduction:  Most of us are aware these days that the world-wide demand for electricity is actually growing much faster than the population, and that the cost of building new electric power plants and fueling them has become staggering. We have also heard that power shortages and 'brown-outs' are becoming much more common. What many might not realize, however, is that the world's pressing need for fresh water may well become the most critical resource issue of the early 21st century.
 
    In 1997, a United Nations freshwater resources assessment found that at least half a billion people then lived in countries with conditions of moderate to high "water stress". This figure is expected to rise to 3 billion by 2025, by which time the industrial use of water is expected to double. This sad situation is potentially desperate for developing countries with high water stress and low per-capita income. At the present time, nearly a billion people do not have access to clean drinking water. Countries in the more arid regions of the globe are especially vulnerable: in Israel, for example, the annual fresh water deficit exceeds 50 billion gallons, about 10% of their total yearly demand.
 
   Even in the United States, shortage of water is an issue of major concern in large metropolitan areas from Los Angeles to Tampa. Much of California will be chronically short of water by 2010; the big cities of the Southwest could run out of water in 10 to 20 years; and Florida's reservoirs are nearing depletion levels while its water table is increasingly briny from seawater infiltration. Even cities in the Great Lakes region, which encompasses one-fifth of the world's surface fresh water, may very well face serious water shortages within 20 years. [For a keen relevant look at the impending crises in water and energy from a Californian perspective, read the first part of this  Jim Puplava Storm Watch article (06/04/04).]
 
   The World Resources Institute in Washington, DC recently reported that even with the implementation of stringent measures to control the global growth of demand and require that fresh water be used more efficiently, most particularly in the irrigation of farmland, new sources of supply will inevitably be needed. Historically, the desalinization of seawater has always been viewed as much too expensive to represent a reasonable solution to our water shortages. But with the advent of the StarDrive Electronic Dynamo developed by Archer Enterprises, this may no longer necessarily be true. [Note:  Those of you who are primarily interested in commercial reverse-osmosis and desalinization systems may click here to skip the Dynamo Background section below.]
 
StarDrive Dynamo Background:
 
  While our exotic and patented StarDrive Dynamo technology was originally intended as an ultra-high-voltage all-electric aerospace propulsion system, a lower-voltage ground-based unit has been designed to serve as an electric utility and water desalinization plant whose output can approach that of a nuclear facility – but which is far less expensive to build and operate!
  The StarDrive Dynamo, whose design and operating characteristics are described in this website's  Electric Power Generation page, is an over-unity thermoelectric device whose output circuit produces and incorporates a high-energy external electrodynamic field; and as such, it is therefore subject to a certain amount of skepticism on the part of electrical engineering classicists. However, recent breakthroughs in quantum electrodynamics quite clearly show that a standing electric corona or arc field discharge is capable of absorbing tremendous quantities of background electromagnetic energy, which goes a long way toward explaining the long-standing mysteries of natural lightning.

Desalinization (cont'd.):
 
   For those of you who would like a good introductory technical overview of the several different types of commercial seawater desalinization processes currently in use, we can recommend visiting www.world-wide-water.com. This excellent site not only provides a technical info database and flow diagrams, but has links to downloadable files, a photo gallery, and informative discussion forums as well. World Wide Water represents a great reference resource for students and researchers of all ages.
 
  As an added service to our U.S. visitors, the following link to the Big Brand Water Filters commercial reverse osmosis webpage is provided. Not only do they offer water treatment and filtration equipment of nearly every conceivable size and type, but provide unusually comprehensive online technical data and pricing information for those systems as well. It should be noted that the "small" 24kW StarDrive Generator we are presently prototyping would be able to operate the largest RO system shown at www.bigbrandwaterfilter.com  (23,000 gpd), or a number of smaller similar units which represent a comparable total of pumpmotor horsepower (7½ hp, 60Hz). These RO, softener, UV and carbon filter systems are suitable for nearly all typical residential and commercial water treatment applications – including the purification of brackish Florida groundwater and even raw seawater.
 
   Finally, the link to the Aquatech International Corporation website below will provide a great technical process description of multi-stage flash distillation systems of the same type as the big modular 60 MW system they designed for use with our StarDrive Dynamo units (referred to in the Generation of Electricity section you can go back to from below). As industry leaders in desalination and water treatment systems on the largest of scales, www.aquatech.com  presents pictures and basic flow diagrams, as well as great 'Scope of Technology and Services' sections. Case studies are also provided for you engineers.
 
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