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Gun-Triggered Fission Bomb
The gun-triggered fission bomb design was the first design to be taken seriously in the construction of the first fission bomb. This was the weapon that was dropped on Hiroshima it was give the name little boy. The gun-triggered design is simple in concept and in execution. The supercritical masses are separated into sub critical masses. Then the sub critical mass is propelled into the other sub critical mass for the fission reaction to take place. One mass is the projectile while the other mass is the target. The name implies what it means; a bullet of U-235 is fired, via an explosive charge, into a sphere of U-235. The bullet of U-235, that has been removed, is placed at end of the barrel ready to collide with U-238. Either through a timer, altitude (a barometric pressure sensor determines the appropriate altitude for detonation and triggers the chain reaction), or remote control the device is detonated with the firing of the bullet (sub critical mass). Simultaneously, the neutron generator's foil is breached to allow full release of neutrons. The fission reaction begins and the bomb explodes. Notice the design, the gun triggered device is narrow and long. Gun design may be used for other application. They are simple and may be useful when resources are limited or when reliability is a must. The gun design could become very resourceful when diameter must be limited. Such application are seen in nuclear artillery shells or earth penetrating "bunker busters" (here the characteristics of a gun tube - long, narrow, heavy, and strong - are ideal).
Implosion Triggered Fission Bomb
As before, sub critical masses must be brought
together to create a super critical mass for a fission reaction to take
place. One way of achieving this goal is the gun-triggered
technique. However, when scientists around the world came together for the
Manhattan project they put there heads together and came up also with the
Implosion Triggered Fission Device. Which happened to be be more efficient
than the gun triggered device. The implosion triggered fission device uses
explosives geometrically placed around sub critical masses, causing the sub
critical masses to compress onto each other. The explosive charges are
placed inside a sphere of U-238 which is the tamper. When in design, a
problem that faced the scientists was how to get the explosive charges to
detonate uniformly around the core. The Manhattan Project team solved the
problems. When the charges are detonated, the sub critical masses are
compressed together will imploding on beryllium and polonium at the
center. The polonium begins emitting alpha particles causing the beryllium
to emit neutrons causing the chain reaction. Weapon efficiency is
typically an order of magnitude better than gun designs. This was the
weapon design implement over Nagasaki. The bomb was given the name fat
man.
A question that rises is, is there a limit to the size of a pure fission bomb weather it's either a gun-triggered fission bomb or a implosion fission triggered bomb? The answer is yes. Larger bombs obviously require more fissionable material which as of now is only Plutonium-239 or enriched Uranium-235 this arises problems in the construction. Problem one, it becomes increasingly difficult to maintain as a sub critical mass before detonation. Problem two, the pure fission bomb is harder to assemble into a high efficiency supercritical mass before stray neutrons cause predetonation.
Alıntı: http://me.eng.sunysb.edu/~mec290/weapontype/gun_implo.htm
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