|
Time Travel Research Center © 2005 Cetin BAL - GSM:+90 05366063183 - Turkey/Denizli |
Hydrogen Fusion Bomb Design
Everybody has this now. It is really really hard to make the almost pure plutonium or highly enriched uranium pits for these bombs.
Hydrogen Bomb
Created by: April,Tony,Mahen
Overview
The process of combining nuclei (protons and neutrons in a nucleus) together
with a release of kinetic energy is called fusion. This is unlike fission,
which is the opposite of fusion. Examples of fusion are seen in the Sun, WMD
(weapons of mass destruction), and in some cases, power generators. The
Hydrogen bomb was developed after the atomic bomb, which was a fission bomb.
The hydrogen bomb, first tested in 1952, differs from the original atomic
bombs in that it releases energy through fusion instead of fission. As a
result, hydrogen bombs are considered relatively "clean", and release much
less radioactive material than fission bombs.
History
The idea for the Hydrogen Bomb began with Edward Teller and his plans for a
"super" bomb. The hydrogen bomb was built in 1952. Teller and Enrico Fermi
first studied whether or not a hydrogen bomb was possible in 1942. They
believed that it might be possible after looking at research on
thermonuclear reactions in stars. Teller at first wasn't too sure that a
hydrogen bomb would work because of the extremely high temperatures required
for thermonuclear reactions, which could also burn the atmosphere. During
World War Two, Teller and his team discovered that much less materials would
be reqiured than originally thought.
Bomb Design
A problem that was faced in designing the hydrogen bomb was: how can it
maintain the high temperature needed for the thermonuclear reactions to
occur? The shock waves produced by the primary needed had to reach the
secondary thermonuclear stage before the bomb blew itself apart.
This problem was solved by Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam. However, the
exact design is still classfied. The presumable structure of a thermonuclear
bomb is as follows. In the center is an atomic bomb, surrounding which is a
layer of lithium deuteride (deuterium is H-2, hydrogen atom with atomic mass
2). Around this is a tamper (thick outer layer), made of fissionable
material, that holds the contents together to acheive a larger, and more
powerful explosion. The neutrons that are released from the fission reaction
(atomic bomb explosion) cause* the lithium to fission into helium, tritium
(H-3, isotope of hydrogen with atomic mass 3), and energy. When the atomic
bomb explodes, the temperature required for fusion of deuterium with tritium
or of tritium with tritium are reached (50,000,000 degrees celsius and
400,000,000 degrees celsius, respectively). Once the fusion reactions start,
they start releasing neutrons, amongst other things, that continue fission
in the core and initiate fission in the tamper.
*High energy gamma ray absorbing material is used to capture the energy of
the radiation. At the same time these are absorbed, compression forces are
unleashed on the entire cylinder, so that the lithium deuteride compresses
also. Neutrons produced reflect toward the lithium deuteride and cause it to
produce tritium.
Like other types of nuclear explosion, the explosion of a hydrogen bomb
creates an extremely hot zone near its center. In this zone, because of the
high temperature, nearly all of the matter present is vaporized to form a
gas at extremely high pressure. A sudden overpressure, i.e., a pressure far
in excess of atmospheric pressure, propagates away from the center of the
explosion as a shock wave, decreasing in strength as it travels. It is this
wave, containing most of the energy released, that is responsible for the
major part of the destructive mechanical effects of a nuclear explosion. The
details of shock wave propagation and its effects vary depending on whether
the burst is in the air, underwater, or underground.
Testing
The first thermonuclear bomb was exploded in 1952 at Enewetak by the USA.
The second one was exploded in the following year by Russia (USSR then).
Great Britain, France, and China have also exploded thermonuclear bombs, and
these five nations comprise the so-called nuclear club (nations that have
means of producing nuclear weapons and admit to having an inventory of them.
The US hydrogen bomb was tested in the Bikini Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
23 nuclear tests were carried out at these Islands between 1946 and 1958. It
was a 15 megaton bomb and delivered far more force than expected. 264 people
were exposed to radiation because the fall out was greater than expected.
It's believed that the hydrogen bomb was up to 1,000 times more powerful
than the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima.
Possible Future Nuclear Bombs
Since the fusion reaction produces mostly neutrons and very little that are
radioactive, the concept of a “clean” bomb resulted: one having a small
atomic trigger, a less fissionable tamper, and therefore less radioactive
fallout. Carrying this progression further would result in the suggested
neutron bomb, which would have a minimum trigger and a nonfissionable tamper;
there would be blast effects and a hail of lethal neutrons but almost no
radioactive fallout; this, theoretically, would cause minimal physical
damage to buildings and equipment but will kill most living things. The
theorized cobalt bomb is, on the contrary, a radioactively “dirty” bomb (with
a cobalt tamper). Instead of generating additional explosive force from
fission of the uranium, the cobalt is transmuted into cobalt-60, which has a
half-life of 5.26 years and produces energetic (and thus penetrating) gamma
rays. The half-life of Co-60 is just long enough so that airborne particles
will settle and coat the earth's surface before significant decay has
occurred, thus making it impractical to hide in shelters. This prompted
physicist Leo Szilard to call it a “doomsday device” since it was capable of
wiping out life on earth.
|
Deadly hydrogen bomb is a nuke within a nuke!!
First test of an atomic bomb took place at Port Chicago on July 17, 1944!! The world's first atomic explosion took place at Port Chicago just north of San Francisco on July 17, 1944. This was a test of the gun-assembly uranium bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on July 6, 1945. The atomic test was carried out using the smokescreen of conventional explosives. Hundreds of black sailors were loading ammunition ships in the harbor bound for the Pacific war. The explosion destroyed everything within 1/2 mile and actually caused a tidal wave. The Pentagon said that the ammunition on the ships caught fire and caused the explosion. This was pure fiction as there was no fire preceding the sudden explosion. Hydrogen bomb principles were well know in 1944!! The principles of the hydrogen bomb were well know in 1944....Compared to the destructive force of a hydrogen bomb an atomic bomb is a TOY....Hitler was not playing games and his scientists were focused on building and delivering H-bombs. According to Dr. James B. Conant, President of Harvard University and scientific adviser to General Groves, the U.S. Super bomb was very close to development in 1944: "By various methods that seem quite possible of development within six months after the first bomb is perfected, it should be possible to increase the efficiency ... in which case the same amount of material would yield something like 24,000 Tons TNT equivalent. Further developments along this same line hold a possibility of producing a single bomb with such amounts of materials and such efficiencies as to run this figure up to several hundred thousand Tons TNT equivalent, or even perhaps a million Tons TNT equivalent... All these possibilities reside only in perfecting the efficiency of the use of elements "25"[U235] and "49"[Pu239]. You will thus see that a considerable "super" bomb is in the offing quite apart from the use of other nuclear reactions."(Bush-Conant Letter on the Super Bomb, National Archives). This letter was written by Dr. Conant to Vannevar Bush on Oct. 20, 1944!! |
Hiçbir yazı/ resim izinsiz olarak kullanılamaz!! Telif hakları uyarınca bu bir suçtur..! Tüm hakları Çetin BAL' a aittir. Kaynak gösterilmek şartıyla siteden alıntı yapılabilir.
The Time Machine Project © 2005 Cetin BAL - GSM:+90 05366063183 -Turkiye/Denizli
Ana Sayfa /index /Roket bilimi /
E-Mail /CetinBAL/Quantum Teleportation-2
Time Travel Technology /Ziyaretçi Defteri /UFO Technology/Duyuru