A solid state thermoconverter that runs on tens of
degrees to produce excess power from temp variations;
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This is a field concerned with the physics of the
Thomson Effect, along with the Peltier and Seebeck
Effects, but in concerns also the nature of charge
displacement in metals and thermodynamics generally.
The invention arises from research on the diagnostic
testing of a device, the subject of pending U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 07/439,829 now U.S. Pat.
No. 5,288,336, in respect of which the Applicant is a
co-inventor. Prototypes of that device were found to
have what seemed to be inexplicably-high operational
efficiency, freezing water virtually instantaneously
when powered by electricity. They comprised what may
be termed a `series capacitor stack` formed by layers
of a substrate dielectric metal, each coated using
different metals (a layer of nickel and a layer of
aluminium) and assembled between two metal plates
which formed heat sinks.
The device operated with high efficiency as a solid
state heat pump powered directly by electricity or,
when subjected to a temperature differential, as an
electric power generator. Indeed, the device at room
temperature demonstrably operated an electric motor
when powered by melting ice and similarly would freeze
water when powered by electrical input from a small
battery.
The background of this subject invention is,
therefore, the above prototype research using
transverse oscillating A.C. field excitation in
conjunction with the thermoelectric D.C. circulation
in thin bimetallic layers forming capacitor plates in
a series-connected stack.
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A thermopile 30 comprises a stacked assembly of
bimetallic layers in which there is full conductor
interface contact over the distance separating hot and
cold surfaces 31, 32. The assembly may include
dielectric layers forming a capacitor stack. A.C.
current through the stack is matched in strength to
the Seebeck-generated thermoelectric current
circulating in each bimetallic layer. The resulting
current snakes through the stack to cause Peltier
cooling at one heat surface and heating at the other.
A.C. operation at a kilocycle frequency enhances the
energy conversion efficiency as does heat flow
parallel with the junction interface.
It is foreseen that apparatus implementing this
principle can ultimately replace the heat engines used
as the prime movers in electric power generation.
However, inasmuch as the apparatus can operate
efficiently with low temperature differentials
measured in tens of degrees rather than hundreds, an
intermediate application will be that of generating
electricity from what is hitherto regarded as waste
heat in conventional systems.
In the reverse mode, where electricity is used to set
up temperature differentials, the invention provides
solid state cooling apparatus of such efficiency that
wholly new kinds of technological design become
feasible. Such applications relate to air
conditioning, refrigeration and cryogenic systems.
By `dynamic current excitation` is meant an action
which interrupts the current flow before the cold spot
temperature can drop appreciably, thereby allowing the
restoration of current flow to establish another flow
route at random. This process requires a rapid cyclic
interruption rate, but the mean current flow through a
particular junction has to be unidirectional to assert
the thermoelectric action. The junction current has to
be predominantly unidirectional with the cyclic
interruption switching off the current or reversing it
momentarily.
It is believed that a steady magnetic field acting on
a current flowing through the cooled junction and
having a tendency to lock in position at a cold spot
can set up Lorentz forces which tend to displace the
preferred flow path. Thus a magnetic field can in some
measure have a similar effect to the dynamic current
excitation proposed. For this reason, there are
advantages in using ferromagnetic substances for at
least one of the conductor forms in the thermopile.
However, the dynamic current excitation feature is not
seen as the primary feature of this invention, but the
advantages of the invention are best realized by
ensuring that the cold spot effects are minimal.
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Please respond to jdecker@keelynet.com
as I am writing from my work email of
jwdatwork@yahoo.com.........thanks!
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