Electromagnetic power cell/ground radio
LARRY SULLIVAN ( polymercanada@bc.sympatico.ca )
Fri, 12 Mar 1999 21:19:48 -0800
http://www.borderlands.com/archives/arch/ground-myst.htm
>
> In continuing my notion of a electromagnetic power cell, this archive
> site from Borderlines verifies the essence of such a power source. It is
> not so daunting if one considers the earth as being just large
> capacitor. The secret seems to be in the modulation/resonance in the
> prepective reciever and amplication of said resonance and hence
> conversion into usable electrical current.
> It seems apparent to me that inducing ground electromagnetic energy
> into a specified amplified modulation is the key, in a similar way that
> a field effect transistors do. Ineffect the ability to attract/convert
> wide band modulations into a defined "tuned" reciever. To do this one
> needs to enduce a current, which has to be of a colabrorating
> modulation, as in a a/c sin-wave.
> In field effect generators that I have read about this seems to be
> apparent. That is one has a wet ground terminal connected to a above
> ground collector then into a dry ground terminal. They have been
> successfull in generating some useable energy but would only represent a
> very small portion of the EM spectrum.
> Instead of just recieving just a very small pacific modulation but
> inducing static earth energy into a specific sin wave current modulation
> (as previously mentioned)this would seem to be the answer.
> Anyone outthere there on this same brainwave?
>
> Larry
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------
>
> An Introduction to the Mysteries
> of Ground Radio
> by Gerry Vassilatos
>
> GROUND Radio is a subject which has remained on the periphery of
> engineering discussions for decades. It has maintained its elusive and
> mysterious poise because of fundamental anomalies observed when its
> methods are utilized, anomalies which manifest when signals are both
> transmitted and received directly through the ground. The inability to
> adequately address the associated anomalies has produced a remarkable
> impasse among conventional engineers. Many highly qualified such
> persons are quite sure that the Ground Radio phenomenon is adequately
> explained through classic theoretical propagation models. Experimental
> findings however, have brought to our attention several anomalous
> features of this form of Radio propagation.
>
> Only an extensive and deliberated exploration of Ground Radio will
> prove our several discoveries in the art. Rudimentary and inexpensive
> in requirement, experiments with Ground Radio provide an endless
> source of anomalies. Experimental investigations of these methods may
> begin with as little equipment as a shortwave receiver, a copper pipe,
> and a length of wire. The rest remains in the strangely lost art of
> interpretation. The accurate interpretation of the findings derived
> through such experimentation requires familiarity with the pertinent
> bibliography. We hope that the reader is encouraged to duplicate and
> surpass these methods, as those who do so will not be without their
> due reward. The discovery of new and unfamiliar phenomena can be
> yours...when you take the first step.
>
>
>
> TELLURIC CURRENTS
>
> The metaphysical earth currents were both observed and described in
> great detail by Fr. Athanasius Kircher. His writings preserve an
> ancient knowledge which concerned itself wholly with the vitality of
> the earth. The metaphysical telluric currents were known to permeate
> the world, the energies which mediating vitality. Maps of telluric
> currents were the prized possessions of geomancers, permitting the
> knowledge of vitality control on earth. It is said that wars were
> fought by the selective elimination or exaltation of specific
> veinworks in the telluric circulatory system. The science of Geomancy
> thus formed the mysterious historical backdrop against which a wide
> variety of natural observations were subsequently made.
>
> With time, the experiential appreciation for the metaphysical earth
> energies was systematically lost. The more qualified scientific
> observers replaced their sensitive experience of telluric energies
> with a merely superficial observation of geoelectric currents. This
> schism has provoked the controversial thesis upon which our present
> discussion is therefore based. While some will be defiantly confident
> that experiential telluric energies are resolved into geoelectrical
> currents, we remain just as adamant in our absolute conviction that
> the experiential telluric energies precede and define the observed
> geoelectric patterns. This schism has not, and will never be resolved.
> So long as there are those who insist on observing the
> superficialities of natural phenomenon, completely obsessed with the
> kinematics of otherwise experience-filled phenomena, there will be a
> scientific conflict.
>
> The filtration of highly selected portions of natural phenomena
> characterizes contemporary quantitative science. Until the scientific
> community becomes willing to admit the greater part of their
> experience, all considerations of natural phenomena will remain for
> them a blank wall of intensities and numerical values. Ancient Science
> connected its pursuants with an experience, one gained through direct
> physiological contact with the telluric currents themselves. It is in
> the active contact with these ground-derived currents alone that we
> recognize the true and fundamental continuum in which our world is
> set, an expansive experience by which we access and learn the ancient
> arcanum.
>
> The discovery that various signal species could be both transmitted
> and received directly through grounded terminals, forms the
> fascinating subject matter of a largely forgotten historical record.
> In this regards, we find a technical bibliography replete with
> remarkable instances of early successful experimentation in the art of
> drawing power and signals directly from the ground. Completely
> ignoring the fact that a large bibliography of anomalies had been
> compiled by research predecessors, engineers of the time developed
> communications systems which relied entirely on electrical currents.
> As a carrier of code and voice, electricity was "reliable". But with
> increasing engineering emphasis on electricity and electrical
> technology, the subject of geomantic energies was driven into
> forgetfulness. Thereafter, those who confused geomantic energy with
> electrostatic effects were the cause of the numerous controversies by
> which Late Victorian Science is characterized; endless confusions in
> terms and identifications.
>
> When the subject of long-distance communications was compelled to
> shift thematic emphasis away from the vitalistic foundations, it lost
> touch with an energy which did not cease exerting strong influences on
> the developing electrical technology of the time period. Only a few,
> now legendary researchers, continued the geomantic tradition. From the
> very first moment in which ground connections were established in a
> telegraphic signalling line, inventors and operators of electrical
> systems noticed anomalous energetic behaviors in the ground. The very
> first attempts at long distance telegraphy involved the burial of
> highly insulated double lines (Morse and Vail). Upon first closure of
> the telegraph key, the signalling components became so thoroughly
> suffused with charge that the exchange of signals became an
> impossibility.
>
> In truth, the art of wired and wireless communication began in a
> reawakened appreciation of geomancy and geomantic energies. This
> remarkable reminder came about with the replacement of the original
> 2-wire telegraph line (Reusser, 1794) by the 1-wire method (Aldini,
> 1803), the latter requiring far less wire and several ground plate
> terminations. The telegraph stations of Morse used grounded plates, a
> means by which engineers imagined the "necessary return
> current...through the ground". Wired code on a single overhead wire
> was thus "matched" by an opposed ground return of charge, a condition
> which fulfilled the prevalent model of electrical closure.
>
>
>
> GEOMANTIC INCURSIVES
>
> As none of these researchers actually measured the elusive "ground
> current", many engaged an imaginative freeplay in the artistic
> description of the same. Several patent drawings reveal a curiously
> geomantic flair, the meandering "return currents" flowing over land
> and stream to their terminals. Here we find remarkable evidence that
> these inventors were in fact engaging in a form of geomantic vision,
> describing an entirely different and more agile energy species than
> electrical current (Farmer, Ader, Frow). Toward the peak successful
> operation of telegraph and telephone systems, the proper placement of
> terminal plates was an absolute requirement. As this art demanded
> special ability, the first telegraph linesmen used the methods
> familiar to dowsers. The very placement of ground plates, poles, and
> junction boxes was, for these linesmen, completely predicated on the
> strong presence of upwelling energies from the earth. Empirical
> evidence proved these methods superior to "resistance surveying" in
> the placement of station plates and other components.
>
> Telegraph lines so constructed were possessed of a noumenous and
> suffusive quality. Natural geomancers had provided the means. Here was
> evidence that another energetic stratum was governing the development
> and limiting the establishment of long-distance electrical
> communications systems. The subjective experience of linesmen was
> ample indication that such a mysterious energy stratum was indeed
> present and active. Thus, the invasive energy demonstrated its ability
> to enforce certain restrictions on the establishment and operation of
> Telegraphy and Telephonic systems. The communications technology,
> which engineers imagined to be completely independent of natural
> agency, was being subverted by an everpresent geomantic influence.
>
> Besides the obvious geomantic incursions, those which influenced the
> decisions of workmen and designers, the energetic presence made itself
> known in several other ways. Power literally appeared "from the
> ground" in many stations, a condition which Alfred Vail reported
> (1839). He found it necessary to progressively remove batteries from
> the first long-distance telegraph line, reporting this remarkable
> manifestation of energy to his elder partner, Samuel Morse. Lines
> operated on an energy which exceeded the battery supply, and
> ground-connective communications systems were especially prone to
> bizarre energy manifestations.
>
> Hoping to save the finance of excessive wire line, many telegraph
> systems implemented the discovery that code could easily "pass through
> water". To this end, engineers experimented with the use of widely
> separated groundplates, a means which proved strangely successful.
> Experiments with ground-conduction established telegraphic contact
> through an isthmus (Morse, 1842), through streams (Vail, 1843), wide
> rivers (Lindsay, 1843), canals (Highton, 1852), across a bay (Meucci,
> 1846), through the earth (Stubblefield, 1872), and between distant
> islands (Preece, 1880). An accidental discovery proved that one
> longline system continued operating with great strength of signal,
> despite the fact that the line had been literally broken in several
> places. The realization that code signals could actually enter and
> traverse the ground for several hundred yards, and then reenter a
> grounded line, triggered a new revolution.
>
> Thereafter, combined wired and wireless links formed the greater
> portion of telegraph exchanges across the miles of North American
> countryside. Ground plates launched code signals into predetermined
> land tracts and waterways, signals being conveyed along specific
> subterranean routes. Signals passed "into and through the ground" to
> each next ground plate of a series. When reentering the next
> groundplate, signals continued through the overhead lines to their
> appointed destinations. Stations received very strong signals in this
> method, signals with great clarity and force. Here were the early
> beginnings of the conduction wireless methods, and relied on the
> mysterious nature of ground conduction and ground energy for their
> successful operation.
>
> It was clear to linesmen and operators that the signal energy could
> not possibly be maintained over such long ground and water conduction
> paths without amplification. Some external agency was somehow
> augmenting and modifying the applied signal impulses. The anomalous
> functioning of these largescale regional signalling systems proved
> again that the geomantic agency was literally wending its way through
> the line networks. Not every such line operated in this manner, the
> geomantic currents selecting very specific paths for its operation.
> This topographic selectivity hailed attention back to the maps once
> treasured by geomancers. The augmentation of applied electrical energy
> was obvious. These specially placed telegraph and telephone lines
> operated for years without batteries at all. Station operators took
> this phenomenon for granted. Despite the "long dead and corroded
> Edison Cells", telegraph station operators continued the powerful
> exchange of "fat blue and sparking" signals for decades (Lehr).
>
> Other researchers corroborated the fact that usable amounts of current
> could actually be derived from the ground, currents whose powerful
> displays permitted the elimination of battery cups and generators. The
> failure of all reductive electrical models to satisfactorily address
> these energetic characteristics became especially evident with the
> development of the "earth batteries", an outgrowth of these
> telegraphic observations (Bain, 1849). These simple material
> composites, made to be buried in earth, produced currents not
> explained through electrolytic action. Small buried earth batteries
> developed sufficient power to charge storage batteries. They were also
> employed to provide telegraphic (Bryan, Cerpaux, Dieckmann, Jacques,
> Bear), and later telephonic systems (Stubblefield, Strong, Brown,
> Tomkins, Lockwood) with uninterrupted operating power. Neither
> decomposing nor failing with months of buried use, the mysterious
> earth batteries contain an essential mystery which electrodynamic
> models cannot adequately explain.
>
> Those who doubt these facts may attempt the simplest of experiments.
> Place two identical copper rods into the ground however distant your
> skepticism demands. The ground can be dry. Connect a galvanometer to
> each rod by means of thin wire. An anomalous positive reading results.
> This simple fact illustrates the concepts taught by Nathan
> Stubblefield, who stated that earth batteries do not generate
> electricity: they intercept and receive ground flowing telluric
> currents. If you wish to find strong telluric currents by this means,
> place one of your two ground rods into a tree root. The galvanometer
> should be wired close to this base. The other rod is wired and can be
> placed in sequentially different spots. Readings can literally "pin"
> the meter, holding it there for weeks.
>
> Telluric incursives continued to "interrupt" all electrical
> communications methods which employed the ground as a medium of
> exchange. These incursives revealed aspects of the geomantic nature as
> each new technology was connected to the ground. The mere appearance
> of additional power was greatly outperformed when, just prior to the
> advent of Telephony, a shortlived revolution swept the Telegraphic
> World. Certain telegraph companies replaced all of their
> electromagnetic systems with the Chemical, or "Automatic Telegraph" of
> Alexander Bain (1849). The Chemical Telegraph regime utilized the
> electrosensitivity of special chemical papers to register incoming
> signals. Code impulses made their dark blue marks on the rolling strip
> of sensitive paper, the task of decoding having thus been made
> "automatic". Because of the low power requirements typical to their
> method, the Automatic Telegraph lines were successfully operated
> across much greater distances than their electromagnetic counterparts.
>
> From the very first, some such Chemical Telegraph systems operated on
> ground power alone. Not only did these systems produce strong signal
> markings in complete absence of batteries, but partly coherent signals
> spontaneously appeared in absence of operators as well! The mystifying
> appearance of fragmentary sentences and geometric patterns was
> continually observed in idle Chemical Telegraph receivers, a
> phenomenon which has been discussed in a former treatise (Vril
> Compendium Vol. 3). Perceptive investigators clearly perceived that
> incursions of geomantic energy were dynamically modifying and
> augmenting every ground application of electrical energy. Such
> anomalous energy manifestations, which often revealed a perplexing
> time-periodicity, found no plausible explanation among the
> theoreticians.
>
> With the introduction of Telephony, the use of simple buried terminal
> plates was soon replaced by a great number of special articulate
> ground components. Again requiring geomantic sensitivity for their
> proper ground placement and orientation, these remarkable interleaved
> and multivented forms literally launched and received signals along
> selective topographic directions (Taylor and Muirhead, Lugo, Smith).
> Besides those anomalous power observations in telegraphic and
> telephonic systems, anomalous observations were noted with the
> development of wireless communications. The relevant bibliography is
> filled with instances of geomantic power incursions in wireless
> systems. These incursions, clearly understood by early wireless
> pioneers as effects of the earth connection, made their impact on the
> engineering community.
>
>
>
> GROUNDWAVE RADIO
>
> The late part of the Nineteenth Century was a rich and productive time
> for the empirical researchers, those who explored the deep mysteries
> of ground conduction radio. Such investigation produced a new world of
> possibilities in the Wireless Arts. Experimenters found distinctive
> differences when varieties of geometric shapes were simply buried, a
> series of discoveries having no satisfactory conventional explanation.
> A great many highly specialized ground "antennas" were developed and
> patented during this time period, a technology which provoked both
> disbelief and criticism on numerous counts.
>
> The very first vocal radio broadcast was engaged by Nathan B.
> Stubblefield (1872). Mr. Stubblefield employed special "earth cells"
> and long iron rods to transmit strong vocal signals "with great
> clarity". These signals traversed a mile or more of ground, a
> coordinated conduction wireless system providing telephone service for
> a hardworking farm community. The Stubblefield Radio Method represents
> an essential technological mystery. His "earth cells" never wore out,
> never produced heat in their telephonic components, and provided
> "signal ready" power at any given instant of the day. Being neither
> activated or assisted by additional battery power, the system was
> fully operational around the clock.
>
> Later critics attempted the reduction of the Stubblefield Radio System
> to mere "subsoil conduction" mode of transmission, but remain
> completely unable to reproduce the performance to this day. Mr.
> Stubblefield repeatedly stated confidence in the fact that his Radio
> System was performing an act of modulation, not a transmission of
> signal power. The preexisting "electrical waves in the earth", he
> firmly stated, were the real energy carriers for his Wireless
> Telephone Exchange. The special "earth cells" were connective
> terminals, not power antennas; a means by which direct connection with
> the geomantic energy stratum was obtained.
>
> In an entirely different regime of exploration, a regime having
> nothing whatsoever to do with waveradio energies, Dr. Nikola Tesla
> directed the construction of a massive radiating structure on the
> northshore of Long Island. His previous years of experience taught him
> the secrets concerning radiant energy and its effective propagation
> through the air and space (1892 to 1900). Understanding the means by
> which radiant energy may be more effectively beamed down through the
> ground, Dr. Tesla established the magnificent Wardenclyffe Station
> (1901). Tesla intended Wardenclyffe to be the first of a series,
> stations for the subterranean beam transmission of radiant energy.
> Propagation of very large diameter radiant energy beams had been found
> more effective for given power purposes, when conducted through solid
> rock. Tesla found that the earth was transparent to these penetrating
> straightline beams, and planned the use of deeply imbedded ground
> terminals in order to direct and launch his special radiant energy.
>
> Dr. Tesla took special pains to establish the extensive underground
> conducting system in order "to get a grip of the earth". This most
> complex construction operation, necessarily executed long before the
> great tower was erected, took place below the Power Broadcast Station.
> Tesla stated that this was the most difficult part of his construction
> operation at Wardenclyffe, the drilling of long iron pipes having
> first been driven down to more than 300 feet into the foundation rock.
> At a depth of 120 feet, Tesla excavated several radiating shafts, long
> hallways whose internal walls were covered with pitch and surrounded
> with iron pipeworks. These shafts extended outward at this horizontal
> depth for several hundred feet in all directions, a formidable ground
> projector. Beneath the central chambers of this Magnifying
> Transmitter, the deeply embedded terminals actually formed the primary
> beaming structure; a bizarre conception which was literally
> rediscovered in legal documents provided by Mr. Leland Anderson, and
> has since been experimentally verified by Eric Dollard.
>
> Fr. Josef Murgas (1906) produced a remarkable series of articulated
> monopole terminals. These coaxial coil monopoles were deeply drilled
> pipes, filled with mineral oil and activated by radioimpulses. With
> these designs, Fr. Murgas exchanged extremely powerful and static-free
> signals to great distances with very little applied power. The later
> proliferation of ground aerial designs included double grounded arches
> (Tesla, Collins, Ducretet, Musits, Pickard), underwater and
> underground coils (Jones), underground loops (Beakes), "bent-L"
> inversions (Appleby, Knoll), and underground channel-loops (Hanson).
> Of these buried ground systems, none were as prolific as those
> developed by James Harris Rogers (1913). Most properly categorized as
> buried dipoles, Rogers antennas rested across the subsurface horizon
> of the ground, and were relatively easy to establish.
>
> Desirous of creating VLF and ELF transmission sites for oceangoing
> surface and submerged fleet vessels, ground antenna designers
> attracted the attentions of the NRL and other military research
> laboratories. In the effort to establish failsafe communications
> between command centers and distant fleet, ground surface, or
> submerged forces, military engineers explored both Rogers buried
> antennas and Murgas drilled monopoles. To the thrift-minded military
> engineers, the buried Rogers Antennas were more accessible than the
> more effective and world permeating Murgas designs. Placed into long
> plowed furrows, the various Rogers antennas provided clarified
> signals. Compared with the large overhead aerials of other designers,
> Rogers buried antennas performed in a remarkably constant and
> dependable manner. Producing strong signals, of both greatly depressed
> static and equivalent reduced distortion levels, the Rogers designs
> were prized by Naval Radio engineers.
>
> Rogers buried antennas were buried dipoles, a method application to an
> old design. Because the Rogers Antenna series were buried dipoles,
> their performance theoretically completely depended upon their compass
> orientations. The polarization of transmitted or received signals
> necessitated that Rogers Antennas be properly placed in the ground
> with respect to compass bearings, a restriction nonexistent with the
> superior Murgas Monopoles. But Rogers Antennas were admirably suited
> to the developing Naval Radio hardware. Driven by sinewave generators,
> rather than Teslian aether pulses, the Rogers designs operated in the
> Hertzian wave mode adequately enough to win military support. Few
> military experts bothered to recall that these designs were all
> purloined from directly from the Tesla patents, a fact which the
> genteel Tesla never bothered to cite.
>
> Periodically classified and declassified, the Rogers designs and their
> modifications have formed the core of the military VLF and ELF
> communications arsenal. But most of the researchers instinctively
> sought out those monopoles which Fr. Murgas developed, and which the
> military had overlooked. Throughout the early part of the Twentieth
> Century, a great variety of ground antennas made their sudden
> appearance in the commercial radio market. Experimenters everywhere
> were discovering that different shapes and materials were capable of
> providing extraordinarily strong radio transmissions and receptions
> when simply buried.
>
>
>
> GROUND TERMINALS
>
> Attempts of devising newer and more effective ground antenna designs
> provoked several intriguing explorations. The most amazing discoveries
> included those made with relatively small buried metal forms. Radio
> rules changed completely when buried antenna were employed, the
> complete elimination of Hertzian dimension restrictions being the
> first observation. Unlike their aerial counterparts, buried terminals
> were not bound by those exacting requirements of wavelength. One did
> not require lateral dimensions equal to the normal shortwave aerial
> yardage, the first feature recognized by radio amateurs.
>
> It was indeed during this time period that the customary use of old
> iron radiators and large metal bedsprings, scrap metal surplus, became
> an experimental vogue with radio amateurs. These buried, highly
> articulated iron forms, provided powerful evidence that the ground
> antenna principle actually worked. In the classic models, the burial
> of any aerial structure represented immersion in a conductive medium.
> The burial of conductors in the ground was viewed as reduction to a
> uniform, neutral electrical gradient. This condition sufficiently
> neutralized all of the geometric differences within an isoelectric
> horizon. Electrodynamic theory stated that any buried metal composite,
> however "variegated" or "articulated" in form, would simply behave as
> a "lumped" resistance.
>
> While the use of variegated antennas posed no threat to the existing
> paradigm, academicians considered the concept of buried variegated
> antennas a theoretical impossibility. Indeed, those who examined
> ground aerial patents found completely problematic the notion that
> highly variegated geometric structures could demonstrate differing
> degrees of transmissive or receptive advantage. Electrical engineers
> insisted that the net surface areas of these buried "articulate" forms
> alone determined their resultant excessive performance. In this
> consideration, material composition did not matter. Conductivity was
> the prime factor. Differing only in their various surface areas, the
> only theoretical differences among buried geomet