Tapping power from any difference of potential is what prompted this
email. What follows is the URL for a very simple demonstration of the
2nd law of thermodynamics, basically saying you can't get something for
nothing, that there must be a difference of potential, using the load as
the bridge which allows the two to equalize.
I have no problem with that, since the universe is REPLETE with
potential/thermal/pressure/etc. differences of potential. Because of
this simple fact, we should be able to tap into any of these potential
differences with the proper equipment arrangement and produce either
mechanical thrust or other forces even to electrical energy.
The idea of tapping aether in its cascade into mass is probably the most
advanced form though I don't consider tapping gravity as all that
advanced, its just figuring out the mechanical arrangement, spread out
over a wide surface area (since there is more gravity influx over
surface area due to the inverse square law), so the more surface area,
the more gravity you can 'intercept'...the trick is resistance minimized
over that surface area.
A most thought provoking URL about thermodynamics follows and I have
excerpted a bit from the website (you should read this website if you
get a chance, it is quite interesting in the insights about closed and
open systems and their relationship with entropy;
http://home.earthlink.net/~schimmrich/scichr/essays/thermo.html
In thermodynamics, we must refer to a clearly defined system. Textbooks
commonly consider the system to be the contents of a box-like container.
But we could also define the system to be a specific cubic meter of the
atmosphere above Phoenix, or the Earth (provided we define the boundary
precisely), or my left kidney. Everything in the universe that is not a
part of the system is the surroundings.
Systems are divided into three categories:
1) an isolated system can exchange neither matter nor energy with
its surroundings,
2) a closed system can exchange energy but not matter,
3) and an open system can exchange both energy and matter.
The Earth, for example, is an open system, but might be considered
closed if one neglected meteorites, space probes,etc. It is not an
isolated system because, among other things, it receives radiant energy
from the Sun.
[NOTE: this categorization is not universally used; in particular it is
not uncommon to hear an isolated system as defined above described as
"closed."]
The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation
of energy, states that the total energy of any system remains the same,
except to the extent it exchanges energy with its surroundings.
This exchange can be in the form of heat transfer (perhaps by placing a
hot body in thermal contact with the system) or work (perhaps by
compressing the system via a piston). This gets modified a little to
account for matter/energy conversion (important if the system is the
Sun), but it is basically the simple idea that energy is never created
or destroyed.
The second law is trickier. There are many statements of it; perhaps the
simplest is that it is impossible for there to exist any process whose
only effect is to transfer energy from a system at a low temperature
to one at a higher temperature.
In other words, heat flows downhill. The 2nd law is also formulated in
terms of entropy, a well-defined quantity in terms of heat flows and
temperature.
Another statement of the 2nd law is that, for any isolated system, the
entropy remains the same during any reversible process and increases
during any irreversible process. The 2nd law also places bounds on the
entropy change in a non-isolated system in relation to the temperatures
of the system and the surroundings and the amount of energy leaving or
entering it, but it is important to note that a system can experience a
decrease in entropy if it is exchanging energy with the surroundings.
There is also a definition of entropy (and therefore a statement of the
2nd law) in the context of statistical physics; that will be dealt with
later. The important thing to remember is that the 2nd law is ultimately
a statement about heat flows, work, and temperature, and also about the
direction of time.
It states that, as time goes forward, the overall effect is for energy
to dissipate from hot things to cold things, and talks about the amount
of work that can be done in the process.
The third law concerns changes in entropy as the temperature approaches
absolute zero, and indirectly can be used to show the impossibility of
attaining absolute zero.
=============================
A simple thermoconverter to produce electricity;
http://info.phys.uvic.ca/dbr/resman/thermodynamics.html#4J1
Other basic demonstrations/experiments are contained in this 2nd URL
which show how we can tap this difference in several forms because it IS
free, we are just tapping into nature wanting to reconcile oppostie
polarities/potentials to a balanced condition.
http://info.phys.uvic.ca/dbr/resman/thermodynamics.html
Something else to ponder as it is precisely what I have been looking
for. My particular preference is ideally tapping the aether flow
directly.
However a thermal system that utilized for a hot (positive) pole in the
form of a difference in temperature carried by a refrigerant (even
ammonia) circulated through black painted hollow panels on a roof (to
intercept and be heated by sunlight) through radiator pipes buried
underground could easily produce temperature differences of 50 degrees
Fahrenheit and much higher.
This is the system that the infamous Dennis Lee promotes and which is
accurate, however questionable his shady money gathering methods might
be, there is nothing wrong with the claim of using such a temperature
differential as you can see by the experiment above.
I have the plans for the Icy Balls refrigeration system that uses
ammonia flowing between two balls...one is heated with a flame or other
heat source and as it changes to a vapor it flows into the other ball
where it is cooled by virtue of the vapor change, thereby producing cold
that was used to refrigerate foods. I saw one of these at the
Smithsonian and I believe took pictures of it which I need to locate and
compile into a page.
A self-contained ammonia icebox using ONLY heat to produce the cold.
And since we are on the subject of producing useful work from hot/cold
temperature differences....let's not forget the wondrous Stirling
engines where there is even a small hand held model that will run simply
from the heat generated in the palm of the hand.
Now scale that up, use one or more solar focussing lenses, such as the
flat plastic Fresnel lense sold by Edmund Scientific and boom, you've
got a self-running engine that could either drive a generator to produce
electricity or mechanically drive a device that did useful work.
That post from Matthew about entraining Brownian motion even fits into
this, because there is motion and there is stillness...ie, a difference
of potential.....the problem is it is on such a tiny level...now if you
could move all the moving particles over to one area, leaving a hole
where they had been, they would try to recombine and that energy could
be tapped.
However, I think there is much more to this since it involves
interference patterns and there will be a killer paper posted on this
when I get it all 'translated'....onward and upward...
If we can't fly yet, we can certainly crawl.
-- Jerry Wayne Decker / jdecker@keelynet.com http://keelynet.com / "From an Art to a Science" Voice : (214) 324-8741 / FAX : (214) 324-3501 KeelyNet - PO BOX 870716 - Mesquite - Republic of Texas - 75187