Sorry for the double posting of Tom Beardens email,
I accidentally hit the enter key and sent this
to the list before it was finished being cleaned up.
This is an email from Tom Bearden with comments about
the negative resistance phenomenon that I thought
everyone would find useful.
==========================
Hi Jerry,
Thanks for the info.
True negative resistance just means a "resistor" or
other component that outputs more energy than it inputs.
Let's look at one attribute:
In forward time, a positive resistor is an element that
diverges and scatters energy from a flow of energy
passing through it. At least that definition is good
enough for government work.
The same unit, in negative time, would be gathering
"convergent" energy and outputting it as a coherent
energy flow. Just take a video tape of the forward
time process, so to speak, and play it in reverse to
see this.
So one way to produce a true negative resistor in
electrical circuitry, is to somehow produce a material
or component that causes a convergence (i.e., negative
divergence) of the otherwise divergent energy of a
normal resistance, and outputs that reconverged energy
in a coherent energy flow or stream.
The key here is time reversal. Well, one way to do
that is to cause a phase conjugation in something
resembling a resistor material. Phase conjugate
reflection is a time-reversal, or retroreflection.
Remember that energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
You never "use" energy.
When you do work, all you do is diverge the energy,
change its form, or a combination of the two. When you
use one joule of energy to do one joule of work, you
still have a joule of energy left, but in different
form -- in the common resistor, in scattered form.
Note in several presentations I used a gedanken
experiment process whereby one feeds power into a
resistor in a chamber, whose walls are phase conjugate
mirror reflectors. Let us use the reflection
coefficient x, which is the fraction of energy
impinging upon the mirror surface that is retroreflected.
Note that, as compared to ordinary mirror reflection,
pure retroreflection is pure reconvergence, not just
redirection.
Now suppose we can build mirror inner chamber walls
with values of x such that 0<=x<=1.
At x = 0, we just have an ordinary resistor. And
this also means that the heat energy impinging on
the inner chamber walls passes through the walls and
outside. Let things reach equilibrium. With careful
measurements, we establish that precisely as much
heat is produced from outside the cylinder as the
electrical energy we are feeding into the inside
resistor. So far, normal stuff.
Now suppose that x = 0.1, and the transmission
coefficient y of the chamber walls is 0.9. That is,
for every joule of energy from the resistor hitting
the inside wall, 0.1 joule is retroreflected
perfectly back to the resistor, and 0.9 joules passes
through the walls and radiates out into space.
Suppose we continue to steadily feed the same power
into the resistor in these circumstances. A rather
strange thing happens. The energy in the chamber
steadily grows by a series that is divergent. So
the energy in the chamber increases without bounds
as a function of time passing. Also, the energy
density outside the walls and radiatiing away at
any time, is some 0.9 of the energy density inside
the chamber and on the walls. So the energy density
radiating away from the entire cylinder steadily
increases as a function of time. Yet I am only
inputting steadily the same energy rate (let us
say, one joule per second, or one watt).
As you can see, we can achieve any energy density
or power we wish, from any finite and steady energy
input. This is rigorous. If it could hold together,
such an apparatus could eventually produce a new
Big Bang, blow a hole in 4-space out into n-space,
and create another 4-space universe.
In the real world, materials change nonlinearly as
the energy density rises, and eventually the
materials rupture, etc. I have a drawing which
shows some energetic processes of such an iterative
retroreflection process, assuming that the materials
hold together to a certain point then relax and alter
coefficients, producing a stable level of overunity
in each case. Upper levels of the process include
the gamma bursters, the processes consistent with
pair production, and ultimately the process
generating a Big Bang itself.
Anyway, the process shows that AFTER I use energy
once in a component to do work, the escaping energy
resulting can be regathered (reconverged by
retroreflection) and used again. And again, and again,
and again. The universe does this all the time. We are
told that all the energy in the universe existed shortly
after the big bang got going originally. And every
joule of that originally energy has been doing joule
after joule of work, ever since.
Most researchers do not comprehend the real conservation
of energy law: Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed. And it can be "regathered" and reused,
without limit. You can get many joules of work from
a single joule of energy, IF you iteratively
retroreflect and keep bringing much of the energy back,
over and over.
Unfortunately, our profs unwittingly ASSUMED one pass
of the energy, no multiple passes allows and no
retroreflection allowed, and so taught us erroneously
that a joule of energy could produce only one joule
of work -- failing to add "in a single pass work
(energy scattering) process."
Rigorously, they taught us only a special case of
the more general work energy theorem,, which I
corrected about three years ago.
To slant back now toward what the scientists did at
Buffalo for a negative resistance or perhaps what they did.
Instead of the chamber and resistor etc., we just look
inside composite carbon materials. Suppose we get
the material so that in the lattice spaces and between
various atoms, etc., we can treat things as a bunch
of little cavities without surroundings that can and
do perform some phase conjugation. We visualize the
material as a sort of resistor, and the energy (normal
sense) being "multiply scattered" here and there
between particles or grains, as it works it way out
of the material and radiates away as scattered energy or
heat.
Now as it is working through the material, it is
impinging upon grain after grain. Let's look at one
little grain, with twin photons impinging on it from
opposite sides, and a third photon hitting it from
the end. Well, that thing is a sort of little
"phase conjugate mirror." And it's pumped by the two
oppositive photons. This means that it can gather up
to all the energy in the two photons, and output them
as a phase conjugate replica of the impinging photon
from the end. That means that, wherever that "signal
wave" photon that hit the end came from (which other
grain), an amplified phase conjugate precisely returns.
When you multiply this process, what happens is that
the energy density of the region where this "intense
multiple scattering" is ongoing, the potential (energy
density) is rising. Technically that is called
asymmetrical self-regauging. That condition is one
condition for an overunity EM process.
As the potential rises in the scattering material,
the energy density of the material rises. Let us
assume that this process levels off nonlinearly, to
reach a plateau such that twice the energy density
as one inputs to the device is escaping from the
device and radiating away from it.
There you have your negative resistor, made of
intensely scattering material.
In this case, probably a composite carbon compound
or admixture, etc..
It is perfectly possible to have such a material,
such a process, and such a negative resistor, without
violating the laws of physics or the laws of thermodynamics.
You have an open system, freely receiving excess energy
from the vacuum (all local potentials are actually
changes to the vacuum potential, or to an intermediate
potential that itself is a change to the vacuum potential).
Note that from any finite potential phi, you can
collect all the energy you wish, simply by having
sufficient collectors (charges). That's just the
simple law W = (phi)q, where W is energy collected on
q coulombs of collecting charges.
>From any finite (phi), just add enough q, and you can
collect an unlimited amount of energy.; that's because
rigorously a scalar potential is a multivector
(multiwavepair set) and a multiple bidirectional flow
process, as shown by E.T. Whittaker in 1903.
The anti-Stokes emission process is always overunity,
as has been known for 50 years. And it uses a variation
of the above mechanism (multipass, multiple
retroreflection to provide asymmetrical self-regauging).
The Patterson process uses the same mechanism. And it
has been independently measured as high as COP = 1200,
so long as his palladium cladding stayed on his
microspheres. In that case, the "buildup" of the
asymmetrical self-regauging (and the growth of the energy
density and consequently the growth of the heat escaping)
often took many hours.
When the input to the machine was cut off, the decay then
took many hours also, as it kept right on emitting energy
for awhile, the energy coming from the vacuum via
asymmetrical self-regauging.
The Lawandy lasing without population inversion (several
nice reports, several nice patents) is also a variation
of the same process.
So there is a very solid basis for a negative resistor
made of such material as reported by the Buffalo
researchers. If I had a materials lab, that's
precisely the type of material and "negative resistance"
I would have gone after.
We should add one thing. All charges (magnetic or
electrical) are broken symmetries in the active vacuum
flux (the fierce virtual particle exchange between the
vacuum and the charge). That means that part of the
incoming virtual energy that is absorbed, is reradiated
as virtual particles.
However, part of it is radiated in "bunches" sufficiently
big enough to affect and move normal charges, and hence
constitutes "observable" energy flow. This has been
well-known in particle physics for four decades, but is
absent from electrodynamics. Every charge in the universe
is already a free-energy machine, pouring forth energy
incessantly in observable form (and some in virtual form
also). So any dipole is also a broken symmetry in the
vacuum flux, and also a Poynting energy flow generator.
>From the source dipole of a generator or a battery,
there thus incessantly pours a flood of energy,
filling all space around the conductors and moving
essentially parallel to the conductors in the space
surrounding them.
Only a tiny fraction of that enormous flow strikes
the surface charges in the wire and gets diverged
into the wire to power the electrons as current.
All the rest of the enormous energy flow passes right
on off into space and is not collected and used by
our feeble circuits.
One can show (I've done the calculation) that in
a simple circuit, about 10exp13 as much energy flow
escapes (is nondivergent) as is intercepted, collected,
and used (i.e., as is diverged to power the electrons
as current).
So every circuit we build produces enormously more
energy than we even dream of. Lorentz unfortunately
taught the electrodynamicists a little trick to
discard that entire nondivergent portion of the
energy flow surrounding the circuit.
A single human body, e.g., produces as much "total
energy flow" as all electrical loads on earth use.
The body produces about 10exp15 watts, if all
the energy flow could be diverged and used. But since
its reaction coefficient is about 10exp(-13), the body
is able to intercept and collect and use only
about 100 watts. of power.
There is NO PROBLEM in collecting all the energy one
wishes from the vacuum.
That is already done in spades by every charge in
the universe. There is no problem in putting out
that collected and gated energy flow; every charge and
every dipole already does this, enormously.
There is only a problem of intercepting, collecting,
and using to do work in the load, a greater fraction
of the enormous energy flow already extracted by all
our devices.
Note that when we retroreflect iteratively, we pass
that enormous 10exp13 nondivergent component of the
flow back across the collecting charges again and
again. That allows additional collection.
THAT is where the ability of the "negative resistor"
process comes from, to produce more energy out that
the energy you input (BY YOUR NORMAL CALCULATIONS).
If you count the nondivergent portion of the energy
input, you already input enormously more energy
than you were ever taught or than you ever knew.
About 10exp13 times as much!
So I suspect something like this explains what the
Buffalo researchers are really doing.
However, since they reported it as "room temperature
superconductivity," I suspect that they also filed
a patent application (universities are very keen on
that now) and ran afoul of defense security
classification.
The DOD and Intel folks who review the patent
applications for possible security classification
would have recognized that and reacted. That
very well may explain the disappearance of the web
site entry. The patent application itself may have
been classified.
Anyhow, hope this helps. I'm glad to see someone do
it -- ANYONE do it. Now if the powers that be will
get off the unnecessary classification routine and
let them get on with it, they could have a real boon
to mankind.
A negative resistor, of course, is after all just
a straightforward overunity EM device.
Cheers,
Tom Bearden
-- Jerry Wayne Decker / jdecker@keelynet.com http://keelynet.com / "From an Art to a Science" Voice : (214) 324-8741 / FAX : (214) 324-3501 ICQ # - 13175100 / AOL - Keelyman KeelyNet - PO BOX 870716 - Mesquite - Republic of Texas - 75187