DETERMINING IF CFCs CAN MIGRATE TO UPPER ATMOSPHERE
by Dr. William A. Rhodes - 04/18/02

A hermetically sealed Plexiglas cylinder 24" high X 4.5" diameter formed the nucleus of this experiment:

A two inch deposit of pea-size crushed granite was deposited on the bottom of the column. It served to trap F-12. A gas sam- pling tube opened underneath. This vent was left open until after the F-12 was injected.

Average air density is 28.84. F-12 density is 120.91. To pre- vent F-12 from concentrating in the gravel bed before mixing with internal air, a #20 hypodermic needle would inject the sample downward at moderate velocity from the top of the column where vigorous mixing would occur.

To create air circulation inside the column, a 100 watt tungsten lamp was placed against the cylinder outside just above the gravel level. Injection of smoke with back-lighting allowed visual inspection of mixing efficiency. A preliminary test was run. Within 5 minutes, convection caused complete smoke (& 12-F) distribution.

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INITIALIZING THE TEST

A 50 cc glass hypodermic syringe with its plunger withdrawn was connected to an F-12 source through rubber tubing. Freon was allowed to flush air out of the tubing and syringe body until -- holding the syringe open mouth vertically -- F-12 overflow could be seen against an illuminated surface. F-12 was valved off, the plunger engaged and the tubing withdrawn from the supply.

The plunger was pushed down to the 20 cc mark. The syringe was then attached to the hypo injection needle where maximum hand pressure shot the F-12 into the column. The bottom sampling vent of the column was plugged. A tight cap was placed over the cylinder top. Excluding two inches of column for the gravel, total volume of air column was about 57330 cubic centimeters. 20 cc of F-12 = 329 parts per million.

The mixture was allowed to circulate by convection for one hour. A sample withdrawn at the top vent produced the characteristic green glow on the alcohol-flame Haloid detector. A second in- strument calibrated with a digital display full-scale of 100 parts per million read off scale (Instrument saturation.). The cylinder was allowed to remain undisturbed 24 hours.

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TESTING A SAMPLE FROM THE COLUMN TOP WITH SYRINGE HELD VERTICALLY

12 inch tubing was attached to the hypodermic, and a sample was withdrawn, until the syringe plunger came free, and the nozzle of the Haloid detector end inserted into the syringe body. No freon trace observed. The digital instrument produced a four zero reading from a fresh sample. The instrument was checked with a one part per million F-12 mixture with air. A one part per million reading was obtained.

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TESTING A SAMPLE FROM UNDER THE GRAVEL

Both Instruments Read Saturation.

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CONCLUSION

One of my associates volunteered to independently repeat my tests with his own equipment. His result was identical. As far as we are concerned, this ends the controversy over the ozone hole fiasco which asks us to believe water can flow up-hill.

One skeptic said air turbulence would prevent the gases from accumulationg in soil. If that was true, then we would be breathing free hydrogen and helium that normally finds its way up and out of the lower atmosphere despite air movement.

William A. Rhodes, Ph.D., Physicist